论有限责任公司中的隐名投资

发布时间：2018-07-06 07:37

本文选题：隐名投资 + 隐名代理　；参考：《延边大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：有限责任公司中的隐名投资是指一方投资人(隐名投资者)实际认缴出资,而公司章程、股东名册或其他工商登记材料记载的投资人(显名股东)却显示为他人的一种法律现象。隐名投资者虽然不是公司股东,但是却在实质上享有和承担着股东的各项权利和义务。有限责任公司隐名投资中主要涉及到三方主体,即隐名投资者、显名股东和公司,有时还会牵涉到公司的外部第三人。在各方主体之间会产生诸多法律关系,而隐名投资者和显名股东之间的关系本质为隐名代理关系,主体之间的其余关系均是在隐名代理关系的基础上产生与存在的,因此,各主体间相互的权利义务关系也可以适用隐名代理的相关原理。在隐名代理关系的基础上,显名股东作为隐名投资者的代理人应依授权行事,在隐名投资者不完全出资或出资瑕疵的情况下,隐名投资者应与显名股东在出资范围内对公司和第三人承担连带责任。在我国实践中,有限责任公司中的隐名投资虽然已是一种常态性存在,但是长期以来我国在隐名投资方面一直没有统一的明确规定。直至今年2月份,最新出台的《公司法》规定(三)才对隐名投资进行了较为详细的规定。但是,在隐名投资方面,该规定仍然不是很完善,该规定只是就法院审判中所遇具体问题进行了具体规定,只是一种裁判的标准。针对目前法律对隐名投资规定的缺陷,笔者认为应从程序上和实体上对隐名投资进行系统的统一规定,明确隐名投资的程序规范以及隐名投资的实体规范。首先,从程序上应规定隐名投资所必须遵循的规则：签订隐名投资协议,将隐名投资协议进行公证,在满足一定条件的情况下允许隐名投资者显名变更为公司股东。其次,从实体上,应规定隐名投资的主体、客体、行为方式以及因此而产生的责任的承担方式：隐名投资的主体为具有合法投资主体身份的自然人或法人；隐名投资的客体为与这些投资主体身份相对应的国家准入行业的有限责任公司；隐名投资的行为方式为签订隐名投资协议并将协议进行公证,且该种隐名投资行为不规避国家相关的法律法规；隐名投资者变更成为公司股东可通过直接变更或法院确权方式；隐名投资的责任承担方式可适用隐名代理的相关原理,充分保护公司以及第三人的合法利益,在隐名投资者不完全出资或出资瑕疵的情况下隐名投资者和显名股东在出资范围内对公司和第三人承担连带责任。
[Abstract]:A dormant investment in a limited liability company refers to the fact that one of the investors (the dormant investor) actually subscribes to the capital contribution, and the articles of association of the company, An investor (named shareholder) recorded in a register of shareholders or other business registration documents appears to be a legal phenomenon of others. Although hidden investors are not shareholders, they actually enjoy and bear the rights and obligations of shareholders. The dormant investment of a limited liability company mainly involves the tripartite subject, that is, the dormant investor, the explicit shareholder and the company, and sometimes the external third person of the company. There will be many legal relations between the parties, but the relationship between the dormant investors and the explicit shareholders is essentially the anonymous agent relationship, and the other relations between the subjects are generated and exist on the basis of the anonymous agency relationship. The relationship of rights and obligations between subjects can also be applied to the principle of anonymous agent. On the basis of the anonymous agency relationship, the explicit shareholder, as the agent of the dormant investor, should act in accordance with the authority, if the dormant investor does not fully contribute or the investment is defective, Hidden investors and shareholders shall bear joint liability to the company and the third party within the scope of capital contribution. In the practice of our country, although the hidden investment in the limited liability company is a kind of normal existence, there has been no uniform and definite stipulation on the hidden investment in our country for a long time. It was not until February that the latest company law regulation (3) introduced more detailed rules on anonymous investment. However, in the aspect of anonymous investment, the provision is still not perfect, it is only specific provisions on the specific problems encountered in the court trial, it is only a standard of adjudication. In view of the defects of the current law on hidden investment, the author thinks that it is necessary to make a systematic and unified regulation on the hidden investment in the procedure and entity, and to clarify the procedure specification of the hidden investment and the substantive norm of the hidden investment. First of all, the rules that should be followed in the procedure should be stipulated: signing the anonymous investment agreement, notarizing the anonymous investment agreement, and allowing the anonymous investor to change to the shareholders of the company under certain conditions. Secondly, from the entity, we should stipulate the subject, object, behavior mode and the responsibility of the hidden investment: the subject of anonymous investment is a natural person or legal person who has the status of legal investment subject; The object of anonymous investment is a limited liability company corresponding to the identity of these investment subjects, and the behavior of anonymous investment is to sign and notarize the agreement. And this kind of anonymous investment behavior does not circumvent the relevant laws and regulations of the country; the dormant investors can change into the shareholders of the company by direct change or court confirmation; the liability assumption mode of anonymous investment can be applied to the related principle of anonymous agency. The legitimate interests of the company and the third party should be fully protected, and the hidden investors and the shareholders should bear joint and several liabilities to the company and the third party in the scope of the contribution under the condition that the dormant investor does not fully contribute or the defect of the contribution.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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