公司担保的法律效力研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 07:00

【摘要】：随着市场经济的蓬勃发展和公司间合作形式的多样化,公司担保行为迅速的进入人们的视线,成为公司、特别是中小公司融资的重要手段之一。融资的成功与否关系着公司的未来,关系着交易安全甚至是市场经济的健康发展,而融资成功的关键又在于担保行为的效力,所以公司担保行为的效力问题一直都是各界争议的焦点,在此背景下研究公司担保行为的效力问题是有一定的理论和实践意义的。本文以公司担保的性质和公司担保的能力为出发点,在借鉴其他国家和地区立法的基础上分析了我国公司担保的效力制度的现状和不足,并在此基础上提出了相应的对策,以期对公司担保的法律效力的完善有所裨益。本文除引言和结语外,其主体部分主要内容如下：第一部分：公司担保问题的概述。该部分首先是从公司担保行为性质的界定入手,分析公司是否具有担保能力,在分析的基础上认定公司是具有完全的担保能力的,只是这种担保能力必须有一定的限制,接着通过公司担保能力与效力之间的关系引出了公司担保的法律效力问题。第二部分：其他国家和地区公司担保的法律效力制度比较。纵观世界各国和地区,公司担保的法律效力问题在各国（地区）有不同的处理原则,法国和美国都承认公司对外担保的效力,但是都针对关联担保做出更加细致的规定；美国是采取事后审查制度,以公司对外担保是否符合公司利益为标准来确定该担保行为是否有效；我国台湾地区则原则上规定公司不可以对外担保,除非公司章程做出规定。我国大陆地区的制度经历了一个进步的过程,只是相关法规仍不完善,致使理论界与实务界“冲突”不断。第三部分：我国公司担保的法律效力制度现状和不足。该部分首先对现行《公司法》第16条进行了价值和性质分析：本文认为第16条是强制性规范、管理性规范,是一个有关公司内部管理问题的法条,旨在维护股东的利益。然后在此分析基础上总结了我国现行公司担保的法律效力的不足。第四部分：我国公司担保的法律效力制度的完善。具体措施包括：区别有限责任公司和股份有限公司,完善公司章程；改变公司章程单一文件的表现形式；债权人承担形式审查的义务；专业担保公司专条专治等。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of the market economy and the diversification of the forms of inter-firm cooperation, the corporate guarantee behavior has rapidly entered people's attention, and has become one of the important means of financing companies, especially small and medium-sized companies. The success of financing is related to the future of the company, the safety of transactions and even the healthy development of the market economy. The key to the success of financing lies in the effectiveness of the guarantee act. Therefore, the validity of corporate guarantee acts has always been the focus of controversy, in this context, it is of theoretical and practical significance to study the effectiveness of corporate guarantee acts. Based on the nature of the company guarantee and the ability of the company guarantee, this paper analyzes the current situation and the deficiency of the effective system of the company guarantee in our country on the basis of reference from the legislation of other countries and regions, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures on this basis. In order to improve the legal effect of the company guarantee. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main contents of this paper are as follows: the first part: the overview of corporate guarantee. This part begins with the definition of the nature of the company's guarantee behavior, analyzes whether the company has the ability to guarantee, and on the basis of the analysis, determines that the company has the complete ability of guarantee, but this kind of guarantee ability must have some limitations. Then it leads to the legal effect of the company guarantee through the relationship between the ability and effectiveness of the company guarantee. The second part: the comparison of legal effect system of company guarantee in other countries and regions. Throughout the world, the legal effect of corporate guarantee has different principles in different countries (regions). France and the United States both recognize the effectiveness of external guarantee, but both make more detailed provisions on the related guarantee. The United States adopts an ex post facto review system to determine whether the guarantee is effective or not based on whether the company's external guarantee conforms to the interests of the company. In principle, the Taiwan region of China stipulates that the company may not guarantee the company unless the articles of association stipulate that the guarantee is not valid. The system in mainland China has gone through a process of progress, but the relevant laws and regulations are still imperfect, resulting in "conflicts" between the theorists and the practitioners. The third part: our country company guarantee legal effect system present situation and the insufficiency. This part firstly analyzes the value and nature of Article 16 of the current Company Law: this article holds that Article 16 is a mandatory norm, a regulatory norm, and a law on the internal management of a company, aiming at safeguarding the interests of shareholders. Then, on the basis of this analysis, the author summarizes the deficiency of the legal effect of the current company guarantee in our country. The fourth part: the perfection of the legal effect system of the company guarantee in our country. The specific measures include: distinguishing limited liability company from joint stock limited company, perfecting the articles of association; changing the form of expression of the single document of the company's articles of association; the obligation of the creditor to undertake the formal examination; and the special rule of the professional guarantee company.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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