论有限责任公司瑕疵出资股权转让的民事责任承担

发布时间：2018-11-13 20:45

【摘要】：股权作为社会财富的重要法律载体，是股东资格与身份的象征。我国立法对股东和发起人规定了相应的出资责任。2014年3月1日施行的《公司法》最新修正案对有限责任公司注册资本的最低限额、登记制度等内容作出修改，除商业银行、保险公司、证券公司等特殊领域外，有限责任公司股东的出资额、出资方式、出资期限等内容由公司章程自主约定。此规定虽然降低了设立公司的成本，但也对股东的信用提出了更高的要求。因此，在未来一段时间内，有限公司瑕疵出资股权仍将大量存在，而实践中由此引发的股权转让纠纷也将不断涌现。我国现行法律虽然对该问题有所涉及，但仍存在缺陷。这将直接导致公司、其他股东、债权人的利益得不到法律上的保护和救济。因此，探讨瑕疵出资股权转让后的民事责任承担问题是十分必要的。本文以有限责任公司出资瑕疵引起的瑕疵股权为研究对象，采用理论介绍、比较分析的研究方法，第一部分界定了瑕疵股权的含义、分类及瑕疵出资股权转让民事责任承担的前提和基本原则，并对理论界关于瑕疵出资股权转让民事责任承担的四种理论观点进行了介绍；第二部分分析了国外关于该问题的立法实践；第三部分详细分析了作者对于瑕疵出资股权转让后民事责任承担的观点。作者主张将有限责任公司瑕疵出资股权转让后的民事责任分为三类，即对公司其他守约股东的违约责任、对公司的补缴出资责任、对公司债权人的补充清偿责任，并具体分析不同责任的承担主体。首先，基于合同的相对性原理，，有限责任公司瑕疵出资股权转让后，对公司其他守约股东的违约责任应仅由瑕疵出资股权的转让人承担。其次，由于转让人的出资义务是法定义务，除非法律另有规定否则不能因为股权之转让而得以免除，因此瑕疵出资股权转让人仍应对公司承担补缴出资责任。受让人是否承担该补缴责任，应根据其受让股权时是否为有偿以及受让人的主观态度确定。最后，瑕疵出资股权的受让人与转让人对公司债权人连带承担补充清偿责任，受让人在受让股权时是否受欺诈在所不问。但若受让人为善意，对债权人承担责任后可向转让人追偿。而恶意受让人承担责任后能否向转让人追偿，取决于双方之间的约定。
[Abstract]:As an important legal carrier of social wealth, equity is the symbol of shareholder qualification and status. The latest amendment of the Company Law, which came into effect on March 1, 2014, modifies the minimum amount of registered capital and the registration system of a limited liability company, except for commercial banks. Insurance companies, securities companies and other special areas, limited liability company shareholders of the amount of capital, capital contribution, the duration of contributions by the articles of association of the company's own agreement. Although the regulation reduces the cost of setting up a company, it also imposes higher requirements on shareholder credit. Therefore, in the future, limited company defective equity will still exist a large number of, and the practice of the resulting equity transfer disputes will continue to emerge. Although the current law of our country is concerned with this problem, it still has defects. This will directly lead to the interests of the company, other shareholders, creditors can not be legally protected and remedies. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the civil liability after the transfer of defective capital. This paper takes the defective stock right caused by the defect of limited liability company as the research object, uses the theory introduction, the comparative analysis research method, the first part has defined the defective stock right meaning, Classification and the premise and basic principles of the civil liability for the transfer of defective capital stock, and the introduction of four theoretical viewpoints on the civil liability of the transfer of defective capital contribution; The second part analyzes the foreign legislative practice on this issue, and the third part analyzes the author's views on the civil liability after the transfer of defective capital. The author argues that the civil liability after the transfer of defective capital contribution of limited liability company can be divided into three categories, that is, the liability for breach of contract to the other shareholders of the company, the liability for supplementary contribution to the company, and the supplementary liability for liquidation to the creditors of the company. And the specific analysis of different responsibilities of the main body. Firstly, based on the principle of relativity of contract, the liability for breach of contract to the other shareholders of the company should only be borne by the transferor of the defective capital contribution after the transfer of the defective contribution equity of the limited liability company. Secondly, because the duty of contribution of the assignor is a legal obligation, unless the law provides otherwise, it can not be exempted from the transfer of the shares, so the transferor of the defective capital contribution should still bear the responsibility of making up the contribution to the company. Whether the transferee bears the responsibility for the supplementary payment shall be determined according to whether the transferee is paid for the transfer of the equity and the subjective attitude of the transferee. Finally, the transferee of defective capital shares and the assignor jointly and severally bear the supplementary liabilities to the creditors of the company, and whether the transferee is fraudulently involved in the transfer of the equity. However, if the transferee is in good faith, liability to creditors can be recovered from the assignor. Whether the malicious transferee can recover from the assignor after assuming responsibility depends on the agreement between the two parties.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.291.91;D923

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