公司章程的法律效力探析

发布时间：2018-12-13 22:03

【摘要】：公司作为现代企业重要的组织形式,不仅是推动社会经济发展的重要载体,对促进社会经济发展起到了重要的作用,而且公司作为企业法人,是社会经济活动中最重要的民事主体。然而,公司能否有效设立,良好运营,创造更大的社会财富,公司章程起到了至关重要的作用。公司章程不仅是公司有效设立的必要条件,而且是公司的最高行为准则,其作用贯穿于公司设立、经营和终止的全过程。公司章程对公司的重要作用,如同宪法对国家的作用,有“公司宪章”之称,有的学者将其称之为“公司的灵魂”。本文从公司章程的基本理论为出发点,着重对公司章程的效力问题进行分析和探讨。全文除引言和结语外,共分四章。第一章是公司章程概述,主要论述了公司章程的概念、特征、作用及性质等基本理论,为之后分析研究公司章程的效力奠定了良好的理论基础。第二章通过对英美法系和大陆法系关于公司章程记载内容分析比较的基础上,阐述我国公司法对公司章程记载内容的规定；并能通过对公司法性质的论述,阐明公司章程与公司法的关系,以及公司章程记载内容与公司法任意性规范与强制性规范的关系。第三章是本文的重点内容,着重阐述了公司章程的效力问题。本章以公司章程的生效和失效为出发点,阐述公司章程何时生效与失效,以及生效与失效的公司章程对公司产生的影响。然后分析讨论公司章程对内效力和对外效力。公司章程是公司的自治法,是公司的最高行为准则,对公司、股东及高级的管理人员具有约束力,同时公司章程一经登记公示,便产生公信力,效力及于公司之外的投资人、债权人和社会公众。最后,对有限责任公司和股份有限公司章程的效力加以分析研究。第四章是公司章程效力瑕疵及救济。公司章程绝对必要记载事项记载缺失,将导致公司章程的全部无效,并且此种情况不能通过法定程序予以修正；而公司章程相对必要记载事或任意记载事项记载缺失,仅该记载条款无效,并不导致公司章程的全部无效,并且此种情况可通过法定程序予以修正。
[Abstract]:As an important organizational form of modern enterprises, the company is not only an important carrier to promote social and economic development, but also an important role in promoting social and economic development. It is the most important civil subject in social and economic activities. However, whether the company can be set up effectively, run well and create more social wealth, the articles of association play an important role. The articles of association are not only the necessary conditions for the effective establishment of the company, but also the supreme code of conduct of the company, which runs through the whole process of the establishment, operation and termination of the company. The articles of association play an important role in the company, just as the constitution plays a role on the state, which is called the "company charter" by some scholars, which is called "the soul of the company" by some scholars. Starting from the basic theory of the articles of association, this paper focuses on the analysis and discussion of the effectiveness of the articles of association. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the articles of association, mainly discusses the concept, characteristics, role and nature of the articles of association and other basic theories, for the subsequent analysis of the effectiveness of the articles of association laid a good theoretical basis. The second chapter through the Anglo-American law system and the civil law system about the company articles of association records on the basis of analysis and comparison of the provisions of our company law on the contents of the articles of association; Through the discussion of the nature of company law, it can clarify the relationship between the articles of association and the company law, as well as the relationship between the contents of the articles of association and the norms of arbitrariness and compulsion of the company law. The third chapter is the focus of this paper, focusing on the effectiveness of the articles of association. This chapter takes the validity and invalidation of the articles of association as the starting point, and expounds when the articles of association take effect and invalidation, as well as the influence of the effective and invalid articles of association on the company. Then analyze and discuss the internal and external effectiveness of the articles of association. The articles of association are the autonomous law of the company, the supreme code of conduct of the company, binding on the company, shareholders and senior management personnel. At the same time, once the articles of association are registered and published, the articles of association will have credibility and effectiveness to investors outside the company. Creditors and the public Finally, the effectiveness of articles of association of limited liability company and joint stock limited company is analyzed and studied. Chapter four is the defect and remedy of the articles of association. It is absolutely necessary for the articles of association to record the items missing, which will result in the invalidation of the articles of association, and this kind of situation cannot be amended by the legal procedure; But the articles of association are relatively necessary to record events or the absence of any record items, only the provisions are invalid, does not result in all the articles of association invalid, and this situation can be amended by legal procedures.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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