我国资产追回法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 06:30

本文关键词：我国资产追回法律问题研究　出处：《云南财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为治理发生在全球各个国家的腐败问题，《联合国反腐败公约》确立了资产追回制度做为缔约国之间一项重要的境外追赃依据，该制度的重要性日益凸显。随着中国社会和经济全球化的发展，经济型犯罪日益增多，犯罪行为人在全球范围内转移非法所得导致规模巨大的资产流失。面对愈加严峻的境外转移非法资产的形势，我国迫切需要利用资产追回制度来打击此类犯罪。由于我国国内法目前存在着较为严重的相关制度缺陷，造成了我国在国际合作方面的障碍，即使经过旷日持久的时间并付出大量的人力物力，资产追回的成功率也不高。刑事司法协助、引渡和国际刑警组织进行缉捕是我国目前进行国际司法合作的主要方式，但是目前还没有统一的司法协助法和其他刑事司法国际合作方面的法律，相关的内容只是散见在《刑事诉讼法》、《民事诉讼法》及行政法规中，无法满足大量的司法协助的个案的要求。我国社会正处于转型期，资产监督机制不完善，加入《联合国反腐败条约》后尽管有了国际法层面的支撑，但如果我国不完善国内法律规定使之与公约相衔接，在开展国际合作时仍旧会出现找不到适用公约的内国法依据的尴尬局面，，公约的各项有利规定也就无法发挥作用，无法有力打击犯罪对被转移至境外的非法资产进行有效的追回。本文从提高我国资产追回的有效性出发，在没收令的执行、冻结和扣押措施、推定和证明责任倒置、缺席审判、善意第三人和潜在权利人的保护、污点证人的酌定不起诉、合理费用扣除和收益分享等七个角度分析了我国法律制度与《联合国反腐败公约》资产追回制度的差距。认识到我国现行法律制度与《联合国反腐败公约》的巨大差距，根据我国国情和刑事立法、司法的历史和现状，更新观念，结合《联合国反腐败公约》关于资产追回诉讼程序方面的规定，吸收其精髓的部分，修正完善我国诉讼制度，致力于我国今后的资产追回工作。依据前文的分析，本文提出了完善程序法致力于构建独立的财产没收程序、完善冻结、扣押措施、规范化的赃款赃物确认制度、和以国家名义在国外提起民事诉讼、完善“简易处置”程序等五个方面的建议。提出了完善举证规则致力于取证方式和证据范围扩大推定和举证责任倒置以及可替代责任的证明两个方面的建议。提出了加强国际司法合作方面致力于完善判决的承认与执行、在管辖权内主动提起没收程序、建立费用补偿与收益分享制度和成立专门部门负责资产追回工作的修改和完善我国相关法律的立法建议。本文提及的一系列变革或法律制度的变更不单单只是机制的改变，更多的是对国际通行价值的选择吸收和转化，建设与《联合国反腐败公约》相衔接的有关法律制度的过程，也是我国法治走向更加开放、更加包容的过程。
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention against Corruption established the asset recovery system as an important basis for offshore recovery among States parties in order to address the problem of corruption occurring in various countries around the world. With the development of social and economic globalization in China, the economic crime is increasing day by day. The perpetrators transfer illegal proceeds in the global scope resulting in a huge loss of assets. Facing the increasingly serious situation of the transfer of illegal assets outside the country. Our country urgently needs to use the asset recovery system to combat this kind of crime. Because our domestic law currently has the relatively serious related system flaw, has caused our country in the international cooperation aspect barrier. Even after a long period of time and considerable human and material resources, the success rate of asset recovery is not high. Criminal judicial assistance. Extradition and Interpol arrest are the main ways of international judicial cooperation in our country, but there is no uniform law on mutual legal assistance and other international cooperation in criminal justice. The relevant contents are scattered in the Criminal procedure Law, the Civil procedure Law and the administrative regulations, which can not meet the requirements of a large number of cases of judicial assistance. Our society is in a transitional period. Asset supervision mechanism is not perfect, after joining the United Nations Anti-Corruption Treaty, although there is the support of international law, if our country is not perfect domestic laws and regulations to link up with the Convention. In international cooperation, there would still be an awkward situation in which the domestic legal basis for the application of the Convention could not be found, and the favourable provisions of the Convention would not be able to function. Inability to combat crime for effective recovery of illicit assets transferred abroad. In order to improve the effectiveness of asset recovery in China, in the enforcement of confiscation orders, freezing and seizure measures, the presumption and burden of proof inverted, trial in absentia, bona fide third party and potential rights of the protection. Tainted witness's discretion not to prosecute. This paper analyzes the gap between the legal system of our country and the asset recovery system of the United Nations Convention against Corruption from the seven angles of reasonable expense deduction and income sharing. It is recognized that the current legal system of our country and the United Nations Convention against Corruption are huge. Big gap. According to China's national conditions and criminal legislation, the history and status of the judiciary, update the concept, combined with the provisions of the United Nations Convention against Corruption on asset recovery proceedings, absorb the essence of the part. According to the above analysis, this paper puts forward the perfect procedure law to construct independent property confiscation procedure, perfect freezing and seizure measures. Standardized system for the identification of stolen money and stolen goods, and in the name of the state in the name of civil litigation abroad. Perfect "simple disposal" The paper puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the rules of proof, and how to expand the method and scope of evidence, to expand the presumption and the inversion of the burden of proof, and to prove the alternative responsibility. It also puts forward some suggestions on how to strengthen international justice. Cooperation is committed to improving the recognition and enforcement of sentences. Initiate confiscation proceedings on their own initiative within their jurisdiction. The establishment of a system of cost compensation and revenue-sharing and the establishment of a special department responsible for the revision of asset recovery and legislative proposals to improve the relevant laws of our country. The series of changes or changes in the legal system mentioned in this paper are not just an opportunity. A change in the system. What is more, it is the process of absorbing and transforming the international prevailing value and constructing the relevant legal system which is connected with the UN Convention against Corruption. It is also the process of our country's rule of law moving towards a more open and inclusive process.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.291;D997.9

【参考文献】