《联合国海洋法公约》第121条研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 14:07

本文关键词：《联合国海洋法公约》第121条研究　出处：《安徽财经大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《联合国海洋法公约》第121条是关于岛屿及其法律地位的相关规定。岛屿一词从单纯的地理范畴到进入到国际法范畴,岛屿在现代海洋中的地位日益凸显。1982年《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称《公约》)的确立,开创了海权控制陆权的全新时代:在《公约》第121条中中明确赋予非岩礁岛屿与陆地相当的法律地位。各主权国家受到利益驱使,纷纷觊觎岛屿所拥有海域中的丰富的资源以及其背后所蕴藏的重要政治、军事战略地位。本文论述的逻辑结构为:首先,本文在回顾总结《公约》121条历史形成之前提下,从历史的角度了解《公约》该条款产生过程,尤其是分析各国对于岛屿的界定过程时所产生的不同角度的争辩,从而有助于寻求制度运用过程中所产生问题的解决办法。其次,在综合国家以及国际法庭对于岛礁冲突解决的实践中,近一步引申分析海洋法公约中该条款所存在的缺陷,包括内在立法层面的逻辑断层,岩礁定义的缺失,“人工岛屿”与“自然形成”的程度区分不明确,维持“人类生活”,“经济生活”的解释方式以及具体的标准存在在众多的分歧等等。根据众多学者的不同观点,本文坚持认为应当始终坚持整体善意解释的原则,将《公约》121条作为整体考虑,将岩礁视为特殊类型的岛屿或直接放弃岩礁的概念;将“人类居住”与“经济生活”分别分开考虑,并根II据现实条件,采取扩大解释的方式,以长期、稳定的居住为条件,并适当地运用周边海域的资源作为维持生活的必要手段,以此来判定是否符合岛屿的构成要件。此外,就《公约》121条的完善层面来说,应当尽快明确“岩礁”、“岛屿”的逻辑关系,明确“居住”、“人类日常生活”的量化具体的标准,设定岛屿分类明确的方法,将《公约》的岛屿制度变得更加切实可行,以期各国对《公约》的充分尊重和执行,将《公约》的解释最大化地符合时代的发展动态以及各国开发的现实、趋势。面对现存严峻的海洋形势,中国作为一个最大的发展中国家,应当在坚持共同开发原则的基础之上,在和平友好发展的时代大背景之下,坚守好自己的蓝色国土,面对岛礁争端采取积极、合理、合法的应对策略。不违背公约,坚守好自己的责任与担当,维护我国的海洋主权,从海洋大国向海洋强国迈进。
[Abstract]:Article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea refers to the relevant provisions concerning islands and their legal status... the term islands goes from purely geographical to international law. In 1982, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) was established. It ushered in a new era of sea power control over land power: in article 121 of the Convention, non-reef islands were explicitly accorded a legal status comparable to land, and sovereign States were motivated by interests. One after another, they covet the rich resources in the sea area owned by the islands and the important political and military strategic position behind them. The logical structure discussed in this paper is as follows: first of all. On the premise of reviewing and summarizing the history of 121 articles of the Convention, this article understands the process of the article from the historical point of view. In particular, the analysis of States' arguments about the different perspectives arising from the process of defining islands will help to find solutions to the problems arising from the application of the system. Secondly. In the practice of integrated national and international tribunals for the settlement of conflicts between islands and reefs, it is further extended to analyze the shortcomings of this provision in UNCLOS, including the inherent legislative logic fault and the lack of the definition of rock reef. The degree of "artificial islands" and "natural formation" is not clear, maintaining "human life". The interpretation of "economic life" and concrete standards exist in many differences. According to the different views of many scholars, this paper insists that the principle of overall good faith should always be adhered to. (a) to consider article 121 of the Convention as a whole, to treat reefs as special types of islands or to give up the concept of reefs directly; "Human habitation" and "economic life" are considered separately, and the root II, according to the actual conditions, adopts the way of expanding interpretation, taking long-term, stable residence as the condition. And appropriate use of the surrounding sea resources as a necessary means of living, to determine whether it conforms to the constituent elements of the island. In addition, as far as the perfection of Article 121 of the Convention is concerned. The logical relationship between "rock reef" and "island" should be clarified as soon as possible, the quantitative and specific criteria of "residence" and "daily life of human beings" should be clearly defined, and a clear method of island classification should be established. To make the island system of the Convention more practical, with a view to its full respect and implementation by all States, and to maximize the interpretation of the Convention in keeping with the developments of the times and the realities of national development. Facing the grim marine situation, China, as the largest developing country, should adhere to the principle of common development, under the background of the era of peaceful and friendly development. Adhere to their blue land, face the dispute over islands and reefs to take a positive, reasonable, legal response strategy. Do not violate the Convention, adhere to their responsibilities and responsibilities, safeguard our maritime sovereignty. From a sea power to a sea power.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D993.5

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