太平洋日升公司集装箱货损索赔案评析

发布时间：2018-01-25 12:14

本文关键词： 海商法承运人实际承运人无船承运人货损　出处：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前调整海上货物运输的国际公约主要有《海牙规则》、《维斯比规则》和《汉堡规则》。这三个国际公约是在不同的航运发展阶段、由代表不同利益的国家所缔结。这三个公约对于承运人的归责原则、责任范围、责任限制等问题的规定存在较大差异，客观上造成承运人责任制度在规则层面上的混乱和冲突。我国虽未加入以上公约，但《中华人民共和国海商法》结合中国国情并在吸收了以上三个国际公约的基础上形成了具有中国特色的海事制度。承运人和实际承运人责任制度是其中的有机组成部分。它直接调整船货双方的权利和义务。在国际海事司法实践中，绝大多数案例的争论焦点均集中在承运人、实际承运人和货方是否要承担责任以及各方所承担责任的范围等问题上。换言之，承运人和实际承运人制度是整个海上货物运输立法的核心。随着国际海运分工的细化，出现了无船承运人，他们虽然与货主签订运输合同，但是自己并不拥有船舶，而是将运输任务委托给实际承运人。实际承运人制度诞生于《汉堡规则》，我国将该制度引入《海商法》，但是有关实际承运人的规定尚欠完善。本案是近年国际海事司法实践中的一个典型案例。由于涉案货损价值高、涉案方多、争议焦点大，取证难等，，该案审理前后长达2年之久。该案原告（太平洋日升国际公司）和被告（海贸国际运输有限公司、上海泛亚航运有限公司和中远集装箱运输有限公司）的争议主要围绕被告是否需要承担原告所主张的货损而展开。争议焦点有泛亚公司是否为适格诉讼主体、承运人与实际承运人是否尽到了适航义务以及承运人与实际承运人是否尽到了管货义务。针对性地剖析了争议焦点后，本文认为作为航运大国和贸易大国，我国欲在国际航运事业中发挥自身的积极作用，必须加强对承运人和实际承运人责任制度的研究。既要充分了解国际海事公约和其他国家海事立法的内容、平衡货方和船方的关系，也要从国际海事司法实践中把握立法动态，就承运人和实际承运人责任的争议焦点问题找出切实可行的办法，力求将现行的海商法律制度朝着更加科学化、完善化目标迈进。
[Abstract]:At present, the international conventions regulating the carriage of goods by sea mainly include the Hague rules, the Visby rules and the Hamburg rules. These three international conventions are in different stages of shipping development. The three conventions have different provisions on the liability principle, scope of liability, limitation of liability and so on. Objectively, the carrier liability system in the rules of confusion and conflict. Although China has not acceded to the above conventions. However, the Maritime Law of the people's Republic of China combined with China's national conditions and absorbing the three international conventions has formed a maritime regime with Chinese characteristics. The liability system of carrier and actual carrier is an organic part of it. Component. It directly adjusts the rights and obligations of both parties... In international maritime judicial practice. In most cases, the dispute focuses on the carrier, whether the actual carrier and the cargo party should bear the responsibility and the scope of the liability of the parties. In other words. The system of carrier and actual carrier is the core of the whole legislation of the carriage of goods by sea. With the refinement of the division of labor in international maritime transportation, there is a non-ship carrier, although they have signed a contract of carriage with the owner of the goods. But they do not own the ship, but the transport task entrusted to the actual carrier. The actual carrier system was born in the Hamburg rules, China will introduce this system into Maritime Law. However, the provisions of the actual carrier are still imperfect. This case is a typical case in the international maritime judicial practice in recent years. The trial lasted up to two years. The plaintiff (Pacific Risher International) and the defendant (International Maritime Transport Co., Ltd.). Shanghai Pan Asia Shipping Co., Ltd and Cosco Container Transportation Co., Ltd.) the dispute mainly revolves around whether the defendant should bear the damage claimed by the plaintiff. The focus of the dispute is whether the Pan Asia Company is the suitably litigant. Whether the carrier and the actual carrier have fulfilled the seaworthiness obligation, and whether the carrier and the actual carrier have fulfilled the duty to manage the cargo. After analyzing the focus of the dispute, this paper thinks that as a big shipping country and a big trading country, the carrier and the actual carrier have fulfilled their obligations of seaworthiness. In order to play an active role in the international shipping industry, China must strengthen the research on the liability system of carriers and actual carriers. It is necessary to fully understand the content of international maritime conventions and maritime legislation of other countries. In order to balance the relationship between the cargo party and the ship side, we should grasp the legislative development from the international maritime judicial practice, and find out the feasible method on the focus of the dispute between the carrier and the actual carrier. Strive to make the current legal system of maritime commerce more scientific and perfect.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

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