北极理事会的“努克标准”和中国的北极参与之路

发布时间：2018-01-26 12:55

本文关键词： 北极治理北极理事会努克标准国际制度全球治理　出处：《世界经济与政治》2013年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：2012年,北极理事会努克会议通过《北极高官报告》,提出欲成为北极理事会观察员必须承认北极国家在北极地区"主权、主权权利和管辖权"的苛刻要求。该标准有明显的内在逻辑缺陷,并面临着法律适应性的挑战,因此缺乏可操作性。然而,北极理事会是北极地区一个高水平的政府间论坛,中国作为非北极国家,接受这一标准成为观察员,可以获得参与北极事务的重要平台和丰富信息资源,而接纳中国为观察员也是北极国家基于现实考量的双赢选择。但北极理事会在北极治理的很多方面功能有限,其观察员席位的价值亦不可过度解读。中国可以承认北极国家符合国际法准则的主权、主权权利和管辖权,在充分利用包括北极理事会在内的所有与北极相关国际制度的基础上,不断开辟新领域并探索新的身份认同,加强与其他观察员国家之间的协调,与北极国家通过多渠道开展双边合作,按照自身能力,承担相应的国际责任。只有这样,才能拓开中国的北极道路。
[Abstract]:In 2012, the Nouk meeting of the Arctic Council adopted the Arctic Senior officials report, in which it stated that to become an observer of the Arctic Council, it was necessary to recognize the "sovereignty" of Arctic States in the Arctic region. The harsh requirements of sovereign rights and jurisdiction. The standard has obvious inherent logical defects and is facing the challenge of legal adaptability, so it lacks maneuverability. The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum in the Arctic region, and China, as a non-Arctic country, accepts this criterion as an observer and can gain access to important platforms and rich information resources for its participation in Arctic affairs. The admission of China as an observer is also a win-win option for Arctic countries based on practical considerations. But the Arctic Council has limited function in many aspects of Arctic governance. Nor can the value of its observer seat be interpreted too much. China can recognize the sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction of Arctic States in conformity with the norms of international law. On the basis of making full use of all relevant international regimes relating to the Arctic, including the Arctic Council, open up new areas and explore new identities and enhance coordination with other observer States. Through multi-channel bilateral cooperation with Arctic countries and according to their own capabilities, they should bear corresponding international responsibilities. Only in this way can China's Arctic road be opened up.
【作者单位】：中国海洋大学法政学院;中国海洋大学极地法律与政治研究所;
【分类号】：D993.5
【正文快照】： 2013年5月15日,在瑞典基律纳召开的第八届北极理事会部长会议上,中国同其他五个非北极国家一道被接纳为北极理事会观察员。中国被接纳人会,引起了国内外的高度关注,国内有媒体和学者欢呼这是中国北极事业的“胜利”。次日,挪威外交大臣埃斯彭?巴尔特?艾德(Espen Barth Eide)“

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