区域性人权法院判决的效力研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 05:53

本文关键词： 区域性人权法院判决判决效力　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：区域性人权法院作为区域性人权保护机制的重要机构,在监督区域性人权公约成员国履行条约义务、解决与人权相关的争议等方面发挥着重要的作用。区域性人权法院判决的效力影响着各区域人权保护的程度,判决是否得到履行关系着人权能否得到最终救济,因此对人权法院的判决效力进行研究很有必要。受此启示,本文运用比较分析法、文献分析法和案例分析法,对区域性人权法院判决的效力状况进行现实考量,在比较分析区域性人权法院判决效力程度异同及原因的基础上,以区域人权法院之间的司法互动来加强区域性人权法院判决的履行。区域性人权法院作为一个国际组织内部的一个司法机构,其判决是如何产生效力的或者说判决效力的正当性何在?正当法律程序是区域性人权法院判决效力产生的重要基础。随着实践的发展与人权司法保护的加强和完善,特别是区域人权法院受理的申诉案件的激增,先前的判决如果涉及到当事国的体系性问题,该判决有可能对以后的判决产生指导性作用,即判决具有事实判例的效力。基于对区域性人权法院判决的效力状况进行现实考量,当事国在履行区域性人权法院判决时,大部分情况并不是完全履行或完全不履行,而是部分履行。当事国总是履行判决中确定的较易履行的部分,即财产性补偿;而对于涉及当事国国内体系性的措施,一般都比较难履行。这作为区域性人权法院判决履行的共性存在。通过对区域性人权法院判决效力进行比较,欧洲人权法院和美洲人权法院在判决的履行方式与监督方面迥异,各有优缺点。欧洲人权法院在判决内容方面过于模糊,而美洲人权法院的司法监督模式含有隐患。在如何完善方面,基于人权的特性与国际司法机构对程序价值的共同追求,区域人权法院可以在程序与履行监督机制上可以互相借鉴。欧洲人权法院应当在判决中尽量明确当事国应当采取的正当补偿外的其他措施;美洲人权法院司法监督应逐步向政治监督过渡;而非洲人权法院受益于前两个区域性人权法院,在运作伊始就应避免前两个人权法院的尴尬。
[Abstract]:As an important body of regional human rights protection mechanisms, regional human rights courts are monitoring the implementation of treaty obligations by States members of regional human rights conventions, The effectiveness of the decisions of regional human rights courts affects the extent to which human rights are protected in all regions, and the fulfilment of judgements has a bearing on the ultimate remedy for human rights, Therefore, it is necessary to study the validity of the judgments of the Human Rights Court. Inspired by this, this paper uses comparative analysis, literature analysis and case analysis to consider the validity of the judgments of regional human rights courts. On the basis of comparative analysis of the degree of validity and reasons of regional human rights courts, the judicial interaction between regional human rights courts is used to strengthen the performance of regional human rights court judgments. As a judicial organ within an international organization, how does a regional human rights court produce the validity of its judgment or the legitimacy of its validity? Due process of law is an important basis for the validity of judgements of regional human rights courts. With the development of practice and the strengthening and improvement of judicial protection of human rights, in particular the proliferation of appeals cases accepted by regional human rights courts, If an earlier judgement involves systemic issues of the parties, it may have a guiding effect on subsequent decisions, namely, that they have the effect of factual jurisprudence... based on a realistic consideration of the status of the validity of the decisions of regional human rights courts, When the parties perform the judgment of the Regional Human Rights Court, most of the cases are not complete performance or non-performance, but partial performance. The parties always perform the relatively easy part of the judgment, that is, property compensation; However, measures involving the domestic system of the countries concerned are generally more difficult to carry out. This is taken as a common feature of the enforcement of judgements of regional human rights courts. By comparing the effectiveness of decisions of regional human rights courts, The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) have their own merits and demerits in the implementation of their judgments, and the ECHR is too vague in the content of its judgments, while the judicial supervision model of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights contains hidden dangers. In terms of how to improve, the common pursuit of procedural values by international judicial bodies based on a human rights identity, Regional human rights courts can learn from each other in terms of procedures and performance monitoring mechanisms. The European Court of Human Rights should, in its decisions, identify as far as possible other measures than just compensation that should be taken by the parties; The judicial supervision of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights should be gradually transitioned to political supervision, while the African Court of Human Rights, which has benefited from the first two regional human rights courts, should avoid the embarrassment of the former two human rights courts at the beginning of its operation.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D998.2

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