信用证软条款相关法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 10:03

本文关键词： 信用证软条款法律性质法律救济国际贸易　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：信用证支付方式已被称为国际商务的生命线,从信用证制度设立以来,信用证支付方式就备受国际贸易中双方的青睐,信用证制度的设立也极大地促进了各国贸易的交流和世界整体贸易的发展。但是信用证支付方式本身也存在很多问题,本文就信用证软条款的相关法律问题进行探讨。本文分五章,从信用证的基本制度着手,将问题引申到信用证软条款的基本理论和法律性质。将基础理论与案例结合分析,提出对信用证软条款的救济和防范措施,进而提出信用证制度完善的建议。首先从信用证的基本概念说起,第一章介绍了信用证的概念、信用证产生的原因、信用证中的当事人、信用证的性质以及信用证的基本原则,为信用证软条款的提出和分析打下理论基础。第二章介绍了信用证软条款的基本理论。对于信用证软条款的概念、产生的原因以及如何识别等逐一介绍。信用证软条款是单方面被开证行或者开证申请人控制,使受益人处于不利地位难以取得应有货款的条款。对于信用证软条款产生的原因从内部和外部来分析,信用证软条款的分类也结合了交易的各个环节与软条款的设立技巧进行。第三章是对信用证软条款核心问题法律性质和法律效力的论述。通过信用证软条款与附条件的法律文件、可撤销信用证、信用证欺诈、信用证诈骗等问题比较分析,得出信用证软条款应视不同的情形,结合主客观条件来进行定性,不能一概而论。同样对于信用证软条款的效力认定也应结合不同情况来进行界定。第四章针对信用证软条款的相关问题提出救济的方法,主要包括信用证项下的救济和基础合同项下的救济,信用证项下的救济借鉴欺诈例外原则适用,基础合同项下卖方可以追究违约或者预期违约责任进行救济。第五章在论述了以上问题后提出对信用证软条款防范及信用证制度完善的建议。通过在实践中的一些做法来防范信用证软条款滥用,也从制度设计上思考如何更好地进行规避,例如法律法规的界定、格式的统一、双方的利益的平衡。归根结底,信用证软条款是信用证制度内部缺陷和外部原因共同作用下产生的结果。本文结合商务中的实践,对以上问题做了详细的论述,希望对指导贸易实践和完善信用证的制度起到一定的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of the L / C system, the payment method of L / C has been favored by both parties in international trade. The establishment of the system of letters of credit has greatly promoted the exchange of trade between countries and the development of the whole world trade. However, there are many problems in the way of payment of letters of credit. This paper discusses the legal problems related to the soft clauses of letters of credit. This paper is divided into five chapters, starting with the basic system of the letter of credit, extending the problem to the basic theory and legal nature of the soft clause of the letter of credit. Combining the basic theory with the case, the author puts forward the relief and preventive measures to the soft clause of the letter of credit. And then put forward the suggestion of perfecting the letter of credit system. The first chapter introduces the concept of the letter of credit, the causes of the letter of credit, the parties in the letter of credit, the nature of the letter of credit and the basic principles of the letter of credit. To lay a theoretical foundation for the presentation and analysis of the soft terms of the letter of credit. The second chapter introduces the basic theory of the soft clause of the letter of credit. The concept of the soft clause of the letter of credit, the reasons for its emergence and how to identify it are introduced one by one. The soft clause of the letter of credit is unilaterally controlled by the issuing bank or the applicant for issuing the letter of credit. It is difficult for the beneficiary to obtain the due payment terms. For the causes of the soft terms of the letter of credit from the internal and external analysis, the classification of the soft terms of the letter of credit also combines the various aspects of the transaction and the establishment of the soft terms. The third chapter is the discussion of the legal nature and legal effect of the core issues of the soft clause of the letter of credit. It is concluded that the soft clause of the letter of credit should be characterized according to different circumstances, combined with subjective and objective conditions, and not generalized.At the same time, the determination of the validity of the soft clause of the letter of credit should also be defined in the light of different circumstances. Chapter 4th puts forward the methods to remedy the soft clause of the letter of credit, including the relief under the letter of credit and the relief under the basic contract, and the relief under the letter of credit applies to the exceptional principle of fraud. Under the basic contract, the seller may be held responsible for breach of contract or expected breach of contract. Chapter 5th, after discussing the above problems, puts forward some suggestions on how to guard against the soft clause of the letter of credit and the perfection of the letter of credit system, and to prevent the abuse of the soft clause of the letter of credit through some practices in practice. We also think about how to better circumvent from the system design, such as the definition of laws and regulations, the unification of format, and the balance of the interests of both sides. In the final analysis, the soft clause of the letter of credit is the result of the joint action of the internal defects and external reasons of the letter of credit system. Hope to guide the practice of trade and improve the letter of credit system play a certain reference role.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.2;F740.4

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