论UCP600新规则下信用证欺诈的法律问题

发布时间：2018-02-15 11:38

本文关键词： 信用证信用证欺诈 UCP600　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：信用证以银行信用取代了商业信用,成为国际贸易支付方式的一大创举。自19世纪信用证问世以来,其迅速普及到了世界各地,成为国际贸易中最常见、最重要的支付方式,极大地促进了国际贸易的发展。信用证被誉为商人智慧的结晶,并多次被英国许多法官比喻为“国际商业的生命血液”。有资料显示,以信用证结算方式达成的贸易额占世界贸易总额的90%以上,目前中国80%以上的贸易结算采用信用证结算方式。信用证法律制度最大的特点与优点就在于它是以银行信用为保障,通过与基础合同相分离,凭借符合条件的书面单据作为付款条件的方式,使之成为了对双方都有保障的便捷的国际贸易支付手段。但也正是由于信用证的独立抽象性,给不法商人以可乘之机,加之国际贸易的复杂性,造成了信用证欺诈的盛行。信用证欺诈的存在,严重动摇了信用证给予买卖双方的信心,给国际贸易活动带来了巨大的危害。我国也已经成为信用证欺诈的主要受害国。因此,深入研究信用证欺诈所涉及的相关法律问题,加强信用证易中各方当事人的防范意识和防范措施,同时,进一步建立和完善信用证相关法律制度,增强信用证的立法、执法和用法工作,通过国际商会和各国的不断努力,完善信用证欺诈的法律防范制度,无论是对于国际社会还是我国的国际贸易都有着重大意义。本文从四个部分阐述了这个问题。第一部分是信用证欺诈的法律界定与类型,主要论述了信用证欺诈的法律界定以及信用证欺诈的类型。在论述信用证欺诈的法律界定中引入了信用证欺诈例外原则,以便于更好的了解信用证欺诈包含的内容。第二部分论述了信用证欺诈的成因,从五个角度进行了分析。第三部分是结合2007年开始实施的UCP600论述新环境下的信用证欺诈,包括在UCP600这样的一大新体制下,信用证欺诈相对于UCP500环境下所受到的遏制及新环境下的信用证欺诈。文章的第四部分是中国信用证欺诈的立法及完善,主要论述了中国目前的信用证欺诈方面的立法现状以及信用证欺诈立法的完善。最后为结语,简要论述了研究信用证欺诈法律问题的重要意义。本文以理论和实践相结合的方法,以信用证欺诈的法律研究为核心,深入地研究了信用证欺诈的基本理论问题、防范措施等相关问题。笔者认为只有认清我国有关信用证欺诈问题的立法现状及存在的问题,借鉴国外有关成文法与判例法的相关经验,完善我国对信用证欺诈的立法,提高各有关当事人防欺诈意识和反欺诈能力,才能维护我国信用证交易方的合法权益,有效的遏制信用证欺诈的发生,从而更好的促进我国对外贸易的发展。
[Abstract]:Letter of credit has replaced commercial credit with bank credit, and has become one of the most important forms of payment in international trade. Since the letter of credit came out in 19th century, it has rapidly spread to all parts of the world and become the most common and most important payment method in international trade. It has greatly promoted the development of international trade. Letters of credit have been praised as the crystallization of the wisdom of businessmen, and have been likened many times by many British judges to "the vital blood of international commerce." The volume of trade reached by letter of credit accounts for more than 90% of the total volume of world trade. At present, more than 80% of China's trade is settled by letter of credit. The biggest characteristic and advantage of the legal system of letter of credit lies in its protection of bank credit, its separation from the basic contract, and the way in which payment is made on the basis of a qualified written document. It has become a convenient and convenient means of payment for both parties in international trade. However, it is precisely because of the independence and abstraction of the letter of credit that it gives illegal businessmen the opportunity to take advantage of it, together with the complexity of international trade. The existence of letter of credit fraud has seriously shaken the confidence of both buyers and sellers and brought great harm to international trade activities. China has also become the main victim of letter of credit fraud. Therefore, we should deeply study the relevant legal problems involved in the fraud of letters of credit, strengthen the awareness and preventive measures of the parties involved in letter of credit, and at the same time, further establish and improve the relevant legal system of letters of credit, strengthen the legislation of letters of credit. Law enforcement and usage work, through the constant efforts of the International Chamber of Commerce and other countries, to improve the letter of credit fraud legal prevention system, whether for the international community or China's international trade are of great significance. The first part is the legal definition and type of letter of credit fraud. This paper mainly discusses the legal definition of letter of credit fraud and the types of letter of credit fraud, and introduces the exception principle of letter of credit fraud in the legal definition of letter of credit fraud. In order to better understand the content of credit fraud, the second part discusses the causes of letter of credit fraud, and analyzes it from five angles. The third part discusses the credit fraud under the new environment combined with the implementation of UCP600 in 2007. Under the new system such as UCP600, the fraud of letter of credit is restrained relative to the environment of UCP500 and the fraud of letter of credit under the new environment. Part 4th of this paper is the legislation and perfection of fraud of letter of credit in China. This paper mainly discusses the current situation of the legislation on the fraud of letters of credit in China and the perfection of the legislation of the fraud of letters of credit. Finally, it briefly discusses the significance of studying the legal problems of the fraud of letters of credit. Based on the combination of theory and practice, this paper studies deeply the basic theoretical problems of letter of credit fraud, taking the legal research of letter of credit fraud as the core. The author thinks that only by recognizing the current situation and existing problems of the legislation on the fraud of letters of credit in our country, and learning from the relevant experience of the statute law and case law of foreign countries, we should perfect the legislation on the fraud of letters of credit in our country. Only by improving the anti-fraud consciousness and anti-fraud ability of the parties concerned can we safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the transactional parties of our letters of credit, effectively curb the occurrence of letter of credit fraud, and promote the development of china's foreign trade better
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D920.4;F740.4

【引证文献】