CISG下利率的确定

发布时间：2018-02-15 20:46

本文关键词： 联合国国际货物销售合同公约利息利率　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：尽管《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第78条只包含一款,然而在整个公约中它却是最有争议的条款之一。公约第78条仅仅规定了债权人收取利息的一般权利,立法背景资料表明该条是折中和妥协的产物,如何确定利率便成为了公约最大的缺漏之一。司法实践中的首要争议是利率是否属于公约的调整范围,即利率是属于公约的法定缺漏还是法定外缺漏。这是众多学者在研究公约空缺问题时首先要阐明的问题。笔者赞同法定外缺漏的观点,即认为利率属于公约的调整范围,在诚信原则、意思自治原则的指导下,可以适用充分赔偿原则对其进行补充。尽管从有利于公约统一适用的角度,可以依据充分赔偿原则来确定利率。然而依据该基本原则并不能具体地确定适用哪一个国家的何种利率。司法实践中,在处理利率问题时,通常有如下方法：依据国际私法规则指引的准据法确定利率、适用债权人所在国利率、适用债务人所在国利率、适用支付地之利率、适用法院地利率、适用支付货币所属国之利率、依据一般原则或国际贸易惯例确定利率等等。各国法院及仲裁庭对公约第78条的不同理解累积了丰富的相关资料。通过对各国裁判实践的具体分析,可以看出实践中并没有统一的做法。公约第6条赋予了当事人充分的意思自治。因此,当事人完全可以在合同中约定具体的条款来表明适用何种具体利率或是协商确定利率的方法。这也是目前避免不确定性的最好方法。毫无疑问,公约尚存在很多问题,需要结合学术研究成果和司法实践经验予以完善。笔者对公约文本第78条的修订,提出以下建议：利率首先应由当事人根据意思自治原则协商确定。如果不能达成此类协议,则应根据具体案情充分赔偿债权人的利息损失,通常适用债权人营业地商业贷款利率或者参照支付货币国之利率。鉴于目前对公约大幅度修订的可能性不大,各国法院及仲裁机构应该本着促进公约统一适用的态度,致力于在本国内部形成较为统一的做法。我国作为公约最早的缔约国之一,应当在这一过程中发挥应有的作用。
[Abstract]:Although article 78 of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods contains only one paragraph, it is one of the most controversial provisions in the Convention as a whole. Article 78 of the Convention provides only the general right of creditors to receive interest, The legislative background shows that the article is the product of compromise and compromise. How to determine the interest rate has become one of the biggest gaps in the Convention. The primary dispute in judicial practice is whether the interest rate falls within the scope of the Convention's adjustment. That is, whether the interest rate belongs to the legal gap or the legal gap of the convention. This is the first question that many scholars should clarify when studying the vacancy of the convention. The author agrees with the viewpoint of the legal gap, that is, the interest rate belongs to the scope of adjustment of the convention. Under the guidance of the principle of good faith and autonomy of will, the principle of adequate compensation can be applied to supplement it. Although the interest rate may be determined on the basis of the principle of adequate reparation from a point of view conducive to the uniform application of the Convention... the basic principle does not, however, specifically determine which country's interest rate is applicable... in judicial practice, In dealing with the question of interest rates, there are usually the following methods: the applicable law under the rules of private international law determines the interest rate, which applies to the interest rate of the country in which the creditor is located, the interest rate of the debtor country, the interest rate of the place of payment, and the interest rate of the forum, The rate of interest applicable to the country in which the currency belongs, Setting interest rates on the basis of general principles or international trade practices, etc. The different interpretations of article 78 of the Convention by national courts and arbitral tribunals have accumulated a wealth of relevant information. We can see that there is no uniform practice in practice. Article 6 of the Convention confers full autonomy on the parties... It is perfectly possible for the parties to agree on specific clauses in the contract to indicate what specific interest rate is applicable or to negotiate a method of determining the interest rate, which is also the best way to avoid uncertainty at the moment. There is no doubt that there are still many problems in the Convention, which need to be perfected in combination with the achievements of academic research and judicial practice. The following suggestions are made: the interest rate shall be determined by the parties in accordance with the principle of autonomy of the will first. If such an agreement cannot be reached, the creditor shall be fully compensated for the loss of interest according to the circumstances of the case, Normally applicable to the interest rate on commercial loans at the creditor's place of business or by reference to the interest rate in the country in which the currency is paid. In view of the fact that a substantial revision of the Convention is not currently possible, national courts and arbitral institutions should adopt an attitude of promoting the uniform application of the Convention, China, as one of the earliest signatories to the Convention, should play its due role in this process.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D997.1

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