“保护的责任”与国际人权规范建构

发布时间：2018-02-19 23:08

本文关键词： “保护的责任” 人道主义干预联合国国际人权规范规范建构　出处：《复旦大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：冷战结束后,地区动荡和国内冲突持续不断,如索马里、卢旺达、科索沃、苏丹达尔富尔、利比亚、叙利亚等国家和地区所发生的大规模、系统性的人道主义危机,考验着人类社会的良知。这些人道主义危机不仅给地区和平与稳定带来了威胁,而且对当前的国际人权保护提出了新的挑战。值得关注的是,国际社会以“人权保护”为由对冲突国进行干预成为国际政治中的常见现象。在此背景下,以“人权高于主权”为口号的人道主义干预在西方国家的推动下从理论走向了实践,但人道主义干预始终未成为国际社会所普遍认可的人权保护理念。相反,人道主义干预的盛行使国际人权保护呈现出异化趋势,遭到国际社会的广泛质疑与批评。随着人权保护国际化进程的不断加深,“保护的责任”规范开始取代人道主义干预成为国际社会开展国际人权保护行动的一条规范路径,并开始得到国际社会的认可与支持,推动了国际人权保护的规范化与法制化进程。本文以国际规范变迁与国际人权规范建构为分析框架,论证了主权国家和国际社会在人权保护中承担的责任及其行为互动逻辑,在对人道主义干预进行梳理和批判的基础上,对“保护的责任”规范的产生、演化进程以及对国际人权规范的影响进行了深入分析,并着重探讨联合国体系下构建具有共识的国际人权规范的路径、机制与前景。论文第一部分提出本研究的分析框架与规范基础。对国际政治、国际法范畴内人权保护的责任、国际规范、国际干预等基本概念进行界定。其中,《联合国宪章》所确立的人权保护的基本原则和规范构成以下章节分析的规范基础。第二章对人道主义干预中国际人权保护的异化现象进行批判性分析。阐述了人道主义干预的理论演变及其实践争议,指出当前国际环境下人道主义干预理念的危害与人权保护责任的缺失,并分析人道主义干预对国际人权规范发展的影响。第三章对“保护的责任”规范进行重点分析。“保护的责任”作为当今国际人权保护规范化的一种新理念,为未来的国际人权保护提供了一条规范路径。本章讨论了“保护的责任”概念提出的背景、内涵以及演化的进程,对“保护的责任”与人道主义干预进行了区别并探讨了“保护的责任”对国际人权规范发展的影响。本章对“保护的责任”规范的分析为后面构建具有共识的国际人权规范提供了具体的认知框架。第四章是对“保护的责任”的案例研究。本文选取了四个案例对国际人权保护的责任作进一步分析,探讨“保护的责任”理念如何被联合国、地区国际组织、大国运用于国际人权保护的具体实践,从而阐释该理念在国际人权保护实践中的适用范围以及国际社会对这一理念的态度与立场。本文选取了2005年世界首脑会议后国际社会援引“保护的责任”开展国际人权保护的多个案例进行比较分析,从中厘清“保护的责任”规范演化的逻辑与实践困境。通过探讨2005-2010年该概念初创时期人权保护实践中对“保护的责任”的援引与争议、首次以“保护的责任”为由发动的利比亚军事干预行动以及目前正在持续的叙利亚危机,从而解答以上问题。第五章探讨联合国体系下国际人权规范建构的路径与前景。结合案例部分,全面评估当前联合国体系下国际人权保护的功能与作用,分析其面临的困境,并对未来的国际人权规范建构进行重点分析。这部分主要从国际人权保护的议题框定,联合国体系下国际人权保障机制的培育和主权国家与联合国的能力建设三项路径来完善与构建当今的国际人权规范。指出未来国际社会关于人权保护规范的建构是一个双向互动的社会化进程,发展中国家在未来的国际人权规范建构中将发挥越来越重要的作用。最后,论文开拓性地探讨了中国在国际人权规范建构中的作用。这部分分析了中国在国际人权保护中的立场以及如何建设性参与国际热点问题的解决,参与、创设甚至主导体现中国国家利益和价值诉求的国际人权规范进行了有益的探寻和解析。本文认为,国际人权保护的责任化与规范化已经成为一种必然趋势,针对成果与挑战并存的国际人权保护现状,国际社会正在重新审视新型全球治理体系下主权和人权的关系,逐步完善以联合国为主导的国际人权规范体系,使国际人权标准从规范走向现实与实践,从而推动“人人享有所有人权"美好图景的实现。
[Abstract]:After the end of the cold war, regional unrest and domestic conflicts continue, such as Somalia, Rwanda, Kosovo, Sultan, Libya, Darfur, which took place in Syria and other countries and regions of the large-scale, systematic humanitarian crisis, a test of human social conscience. The humanitarian crisis is not only a threat to peace and stability in the region, and put forward a new challenge to the international human rights protection. The current concern is that the international community to "human rights protection" on the grounds of the conflict of intervention has become a common phenomenon in international politics. Under this background, the "human rights above sovereignty" as the slogan of humanitarian intervention in promoting the practice of western countries from the theory, but humanitarian intervention has not become the concept of protection of human rights accepted by international society. On the contrary, the prevalence of humanitarian intervention of the international protection of human rights has The trend of alienation, has been widely questioned and criticized the international community. With the process of internationalization of human rights protection and the deepening of "responsibility to protect" began to replace the specification of humanitarian intervention has become a standard path of international society to carry out international human rights protection act, and began to gain approval and support of the international community, and promote the process of legal system the international protection of human rights norms. Based on international standards and norms of international human rights construction changes as the analytical framework, responsibility and behavior logic demonstrates the sovereignty of countries and the international community for the protection of human rights in the interaction, and criticism on the basis of humanitarian intervention, the "responsibility to protect" norms, evolution the process and analyzes the influence of international human rights norms, and focuses on the construction of international human rights norms with the United Nations system under the agreement Size, mechanism and prospects. The first part of the thesis puts forward the research framework and standard basis. For international politics, responsibility, protection of human rights in international law within the scope of the international standard, defines the basic concept of international intervention. Among them, "the basic principles and norms of the protection of human rights established by the Charter of the United Nations" constitute the normative basis for the following analysis of the chapters. The second chapter makes a critical analysis of alienation of international human rights protection of humanitarian intervention. Describes the evolution of the theory of humanitarian intervention and its practice of dispute, pointed out that under the current international environment of humanitarian intervention idea the harm of lack of responsibility and the protection of human rights, humanitarian intervention and analysis of influence on the development of international human rights norms the third chapter focuses on the analysis of responsibility. "" protection norms. "A new concept of" responsibility to protect international human rights protection as the standard, to Provide a standardized path of international protection of human rights in the future. This chapter discusses the concept of "responsibility to protect" the background, connotation and evolution process of "responsibility to protect" and make the distinction between humanitarian intervention and discusses the influence of "responsibility to protect" on the development of international human rights norms. The analysis of this chapter the "responsibility to protect" specification provides a cognitive framework for the following concrete construction has the consensus of the international human rights norms. The fourth chapter is the case study of "responsibility to protect". This paper selects four cases on the international protection of human rights responsibility for further analysis, to explore the "responsibility to protect" concept to the United Nations area, international organizations, the concrete practice of power applied to the international human rights protection, and interpretation of the scope of application of the concept in the practice of international human rights protection and the international community on the concept of state The degree and position. A number of cases this paper selected the 2005 World Summit after the international community quoted the "responsibility to protect" to carry out the international protection of human rights for comparative analysis, to clarify the logic and practice of the plight of the responsibility to protect "standard evolution from. Through the discussion of 2005-2010 years the concept of" responsibility to protect "protection of human rights in the initial period of citing and controversy, for the first time in the" responsibility to protect "by Libya's military intervention launched and the ongoing crisis in Syria, in order to answer the above problems. The fifth chapter discusses the path and Prospect of construction of international human rights norms under the UN system. Combined with the case, a comprehensive assessment of the UN system under international human rights the protection function and effect analysis of the difficulties and the future of international human rights norms are analyzed. This part mainly from the international The protection of human rights issues framed the ability to foster the construction of international human rights protection mechanism of the United Nations system and sovereign state and the United Nations three paths to perfect and construct the international norms of human rights. It is pointed out that the future of international society construction on the protection of human rights norms is a two-way interactive process of socialization, the developing countries in the future international human rights norms will play an increasingly important role. Finally, the paper discusses the China pioneering role in the construction of international human rights norms. This part analyzes the China position in international human rights protection and to solve, how to constructive participation in international hot issues involved in the creation, even leading Chinese reflected national interests and value demands the international human rights norms are beneficial to explore and analysis. This paper believes that the international protection of human rights responsibility and standardization has become a The inevitable trend, according to the status of the international human rights protection achievements and challenges, the international community is to re-examine the relationship between the new global governance system under the sovereignty and human rights, and gradually improve the international norms of human rights by the United Nations system dominated by the international human rights standards to the reality and practice from the standard, so as to promote "all human rights for all" beautiful picture to achieve.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D998.2

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