国际投资中的文化遗产保护法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 23:26

本文关键词： 国际投资文化遗产保护征收措施补偿标准仲裁模式　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国际投资法关注东道国文化遗产保护方面，缺少法律规制。当外来投资对文化遗产造成威胁甚至损害时，东道国政府往往通过国内法或行政手段加以应对。投资者常常认为东道国的行为有悖于投资协议的宗旨，以构成征收而诉诸仲裁庭予以解决。在过去的仲裁裁决中，仲裁庭对文化遗产保护表示关注，确认了东道国对文化遗产保护而采取的征收手段，但也认为此类征收不能排除补偿责任，由此引发了国际投资法中关于文化遗产保护的法律问题。在认定征收的过程中，仲裁庭所采用的标准并不统一，出现了兼采目的标准和纯粹效果标准的双重认定；除此之外还采用了其他方式进行综合判定。而在评判补偿责任时，仲裁庭倾向于主要采用公平补偿责任，但又显示出一定的灵活性。“投资者—东道国仲裁”作为解决争端的模式，必然会涉及到文化遗产保护的法律纠纷解决。该仲裁吸收了典型国际商事仲裁的优点，但也具有自身的特点。该争端解决方式对关于如何维护东道国文化遗产保护以及投资者的权益所引发的法律问题引起学界的广泛探讨。仲裁案件的实践表明文化遗产保护的问题需要多个角度来加以解决和克服。中国既是国际投资的东道国，也是资本输出大国，同时又作为文化遗产保护大国的特殊身份，解决国际投资与文化遗产保护之间的冲突对中国具有重要的理论价值与实践意义。国内现有的对文化遗产保护的相关法律研究少有涉及国际投资法领域，对最近30年频发的东道国与外来投资者因文化遗产保护所产生的争端问题几乎没有涉及。国内现有研究大都从理论出发，缺乏从实证角度加以研究。本文第一部分对文化遗产保护的国内外文献进行梳理。本文第二部分简要指出文化遗产保护的法律症结。主要研究了在外来投资影响本国文化遗产保护时，本国政府是否可以根据国际公约以保护文化遗产之名进行征收、征收如何认定、国家补偿标准如何确定及争端解决模式等问题。本文的第三部分对该类纠纷的主要典型案例进行实证分析。第四部分根据上述研究，针对我国现行法律中关于文化遗产保护存在的问题，，有针对性地提出了法律完善对策和建议。
[Abstract]:International investment law pays attention to the protection of cultural heritage of host country, and lacks legal regulation. When foreign investment threatens or even damages cultural heritage, The host Government often responds through domestic law or administrative means... investors often consider that the conduct of the host country is contrary to the purpose of the investment agreement and resort to the arbitral tribunal for settlement in order to constitute expropriation... in past arbitral awards, Expressing its concern about the protection of cultural heritage, recognizing the means of expropriation adopted by the host country for the protection of cultural heritage, but also considering that such expropriation does not exclude liability for compensation, This leads to the legal problems of cultural heritage protection in the international investment law. In the process of determining the expropriation, the standard adopted by the arbitral tribunal is not uniform, and the double recognition of both the purpose standard and the pure effect standard appears; In addition, other methods are used for comprehensive judgment. In judging the liability for compensation, the arbitral tribunal tends to mainly adopt the fair liability for compensation. "Investor-host country arbitration", as a mode of dispute settlement, is bound to involve the settlement of legal disputes involving the protection of cultural heritage. This arbitration absorbs the advantages of typical international commercial arbitration, However, it also has its own characteristics. The dispute settlement method has caused extensive discussion on the legal issues arising from the protection of the cultural heritage of the host country and the rights and interests of investors. The practice of arbitration cases shows culture. The problem of heritage protection needs to be solved and overcome from several angles. China is not only the host country of international investment, but also the capital exporting country. At the same time, it is also a special status as a great country of cultural heritage protection. Resolving the conflict between international investment and cultural heritage protection is of great theoretical and practical significance to China. The disputes between the host country and foreign investors caused by the protection of cultural heritage in the last 30 years have hardly been involved. Most of the existing studies in China are based on theory and lack of empirical research. The first part of this paper reviews the domestic and foreign literature on cultural heritage protection. The second part of this paper briefly points out the legal crux of cultural heritage protection. Whether or not the Government may levy in the name of the protection of cultural heritage in accordance with international conventions, and how the expropriation is to be determined, The third part of this paper makes an empirical analysis of the main typical cases of this kind of disputes. Part 4th according to the above research, Aiming at the problems existing in the protection of cultural heritage in the current law of our country, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the perfection of the law.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.4

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