美国反补贴法的修改动向及中国的应对

发布时间：2018-02-26 13:37

本文关键词： 补贴美国反补贴法非市场经济国家人民币汇率　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国是世界上最早制定反补贴国内法律的国家,经过百年的发展其反补贴法内容丰富、体系完备。1994年美国根据其在乌拉圭回合签订的SCM中承担的义务对其国内反补贴法进行了重大修订,最终出台了《乌拉圭回合协议法》,这也标志着美国反补贴法最终的完备。在美国反补贴法的发展过程中,一度形成了反补贴法不适用于非市场经济国家的传统,但是自从中国加入WTO之后,美国反补贴法发生了较大的变化。 2005年基于美国国内外的政治、经济因素存在,美国对其反补贴法进行了修改,美国众议院通过了《美国贸易权利执行法案》,该法案试图授权对非市场经济国家适用反补贴法。虽然该法案最终没有生效,但是在2006年其针对进口自中国的铜版纸提起了反补贴调查,从此改变其反补贴法不适用于非市场经济国家的传统,在各界引起了广泛争论,尤其是在中国。2010年9月美国众议院又通过了《汇率改革促进公平贸易法案》。该法案的核心内容是将操纵汇率列为禁止性的出口补贴,从而提出对汇率操纵国出口到美国的商品适用反补贴法的规定,征收反补贴税。并且在该法案中,中国被列入到汇率操纵国目录当中。本文分为五个部分: 引言中介绍了论文选题目的以及与本文研究相关的一些背景,指出了本文研究的框架、方法及意义所在。第一章详细地介绍了美国反补贴法的演进过程,并对美国反补贴法的特点做出归纳。第二章介绍了美国国内关于修改反补贴法的呼声,并且从经济、法律、政治这三个角度分析了出现这种呼声的原因。第三章集中分析了2005年在美国国会众议院修改通过的授权美国商务部将其反补贴法适用于来自非市场经济国家的进口产品的《美国贸易权利执行法案》,对该法案的内容以及产生的影响进行了论述,并且指出了中国的应对之策。第四章集中分析了2010年在美国国会众议院通过的旨在将中国等汇率低估视为一种被禁止的出口补贴的《汇率改革促进公平贸易法案》,分析了该法案产生的原因、条文内容、潜在的影响等,从而提出了中国的应对策略。
[Abstract]:The United States is the first country in the world to formulate anti-subsidy domestic laws. After a century of development, its countervailing laws are rich in content. In 1994, the United States made a major amendment to its domestic countervailing law in accordance with its obligations under the SCM signed in the Uruguay Round. Finally, the Uruguay Round Agreement Law was issued, which also marked the final completion of the United States countervailing law. In the course of the development of the United States countervailing law, there was once a tradition that the countervailing law was not applicable to non-market economy countries. But since China joined WTO, American countervailing law has changed greatly. In 2005, due to the existence of political and economic factors at home and abroad, the United States amended its countervailing law. The U.S. House of Representatives passed the U.S. Trade Rights Enforcement Act, which seeks to authorize the application of countervailing laws to non-market economies. In 2006, however, it launched a countervailing investigation on coated paper imported from China. Since then, it has changed its tradition of not applying its countervailing law to non-market economy countries, which has caused widespread controversy in various circles. Especially in China. In September 2010, the US House of Representatives passed the Exchange rate Reform for Fair Trade Act. The core of the bill is to make currency manipulation a prohibited export subsidy. Therefore, the application of countervailing law to goods exported to the United States by currency manipulators and the imposition of countervailing duties are proposed. In the Act, China is listed in the catalogue of exchange rate manipulators. This paper is divided into five parts:. The introduction introduces the purpose of the thesis and some background related to the research, and points out the framework, methods and significance of this study. Chapter 1 introduces the evolution of the United States countervailing law in detail. And the characteristics of the United States anti-subsidy law is summarized. The second chapter introduces the voice of amending the countervailing law in the United States, and analyzes the reasons from the three angles of economy, law and politics. Chapter three focuses on the United States Trade Rights Enforcement Act, which authorized the Department of Commerce to apply its countervailing laws to imports from non-market economy countries, which was amended and passed in the House of Representatives on 2005. The content of the case and its impact are discussed. And pointed out China's countermeasures. Chapter 4th focuses on the "Exchange rate Reform for Fair Trade Act", which was passed by the House of Representatives in 2010 to treat the undervaluation of exchange rates such as China as a prohibited export subsidy, and analyzes the reasons and contents of the bill. The potential impact and so on, thus proposed the Chinese response strategy.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.29;D996.1

【引证文献】