论法律适用中的有利原则

发布时间：2018-02-27 09:10

本文关键词： 有利原则法律适用实体政策弱者保护　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：有利原则已经成为现今国际私法上一个越来越受到关注的确立准据法的原则，它蕴含着一定的立法政策或目的，要求在法律选择过程中直接或间接地促进特定的法律结果或法律目的的实现。综观各国国际私法立法，其应用范围涉及婚姻家庭领域、合同领域、侵权领域等，即使不直接地使用“适用有利于……的法”这一冲突规范术语，也通过其他各种各样的方式贯彻有利原则。随着涉外民商事的发展，有利原则有着极为广阔的适用空间，鉴于它的重要性，总结、提炼出“有利原则”，明确其基本特征、性质及定位，以便更好的贯彻该原则，指导国际私法立法和司法实践，进而实现国际私法的价值追求。本文采用历史研究方法、比较研究方法对有利原则的内涵、理论渊源、定位和效力以及作用进行了研究，并详细地列举了有利原则在各国法律中的立法例，最后在此基础上分析了我国《涉外民事关系法律适用法》贯彻有利原则的现状，并提出了完善建议。本文主体部分共分为五个部分：第一部分包含三个小部分。首先对有利原则作了一般概述，对其概念、特征、主要类型给予界定；接着回溯了国际私法的理论流派，寻找蕴含着有利原则的理论渊源；最后确立了有利原则的定位和效力，将其界定为法律适用中的一项具体原则。第二部分介绍了有利原则的作用。有利原则运用范围广泛，在不同的领域，发挥着不同的作用。运用于保护弱者，发挥着尊重与保障人权，，实现公平与正义的作用；运用于法律行为有效性，则尊重了当事人的合理期望与促进交易；运用于婚姻关系的成立与解除，体现了尊重当事人的婚姻自由。第三部分是整篇文章的重点，分别论述了有利原则的三种类型，即“有利于弱者”、“有利于法律行为的有效性”、“有利于婚姻关系的成立或解除”，并且详细的分析了各个国家法律中贯彻有利原则的立法例，总结出各个领域的立法趋势，对我国构建相关法律选择规则有重要的借鉴意义。第四部分从有利原则的判断标准、判断主体、“度”的问题这三个密切相关的问题入手，来分析在实践中如何才能合理、正确的贯彻有利原则。第五部分是对我国《涉外民事关系法律适用法》贯彻有利原则的现状的评述，该部法律借鉴了一些国际上先进的立法，顺应了国际私法的发展趋势，但同时也存在一些问题，应在明确价值追求的前提下，不断发展和完善。
[Abstract]:The favorable principle has become a more and more concerned principle of establishing applicable law in private international law, which contains certain legislative policy or purpose. In the process of choice of law, it is required to directly or indirectly promote the realization of specific legal results or legal purposes. In a general survey of national private international law legislation, its scope of application involves marriage and family, contract, tort, and so on. Even if the conflicting normative term "the application of the law in favour" is not used directly, it will be implemented in a variety of other ways. With the development of foreign civil and commercial affairs, the favourable principle has a very broad scope of application. In view of its importance, the author summarizes, abstracts out the "favorable principle", clarifies its basic characteristics, nature and orientation, so as to better carry out the principle, guide the legislation of private international law and judicial practice, and then realize the value pursuit of private international law. This paper uses the historical research method, compares the research method to the beneficial principle connotation, the theory origin, the localization and the effect as well as the function has carried on the research, and has enumerated in detail the advantageous principle in the national law legislation example, Finally, this paper analyzes the current situation of the implementation of the favorable principle in the Law applicable to Civil Relations concerning Foreign Affairs in China, and puts forward some suggestions for its perfection. The main part of this paper is divided into five parts:. The first part contains three small parts. Firstly, it gives a general overview of the favorable principle, defines its concept, characteristics and main types, and then looks back on the theoretical schools of private international law to find the theoretical origin of the beneficial principle. Finally, it establishes the orientation and effect of the favorable principle and defines it as a concrete principle in the application of law. The second part introduces the role of the favorable principle, which is widely used in different fields and plays a different role in protecting the weak, respecting and protecting human rights, and realizing fairness and justice. When applied to the validity of legal acts, it respects the reasonable expectations of the parties and promotes the transaction, and the application of the application to the establishment and dissolution of the marriage relationship reflects the respect for the parties' freedom of marriage. The third part is the focus of the whole article, which discusses the three types of favorable principles, That is, "in favor of the weak", "in favor of the validity of the legal act", "conducive to the establishment or dissolution of the marriage relationship", and analyzed in detail the legislative examples of the implementation of the favorable principle in the laws of various countries, and summed up the legislative trends in various fields. It has important reference significance for our country to construct the relevant law choice rule. The 4th part analyzes how to carry out the favorable principle reasonably and correctly in practice, starting with three closely related problems: the judgment standard of favorable principle, the subject of judgment and the problem of "degree". The 5th part is a review of the current situation of the implementation of the favorable principle in the Law applicable to Civil Relations concerning Foreign Affairs in China. This law draws lessons from some international advanced legislation and conforms to the development trend of private international law, but there are also some problems at the same time. Should in the clear value pursuit premise, unceasingly develops and consummates.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.1

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