论美国双边投资协定中环境保护条款对中国的法律影响

发布时间：2018-02-28 02:06

本文关键词： 美国2012版BIT 环境保护条款中美双边投资条约　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,同时,经过30多年的改革开放,目前我国对外投资规模已经跻身世界前十位,作为正在向资本输出大国迈进的资本输入大国,日益增长的经济实力使其在与美国的BIT谈判中将拥有更多的契合点。在此期间,中美两国没有成功订立BIT范本的原因是两国的实际国情不同,立场和维护的利益有所差别。中国前期注重外资的数量,美国则要求高质量的吸引外资。于是这样,就中美这一次的BIT交涉中,应该就环境保护条款等公共利益条目全力达成一致目标。就近期效应而言,“公共利益规则诸如环境保护和劳工权益”的扩张意味着外资投资成本和风险的增加。但是从长期效应来看,建立在破坏东道国环境等公共利益基础上的高标准的投资保护势必不能长久,不顾东道国经济社会的可持续发展的外资最终也会反噬其身。基于此,美国最新版双边投资条约范本将环境保护条款的标准上升了一个档次,实行更加严格的环境保护模式,无疑对中国等发展中国家的投资活动带来许多影响。由于中国在投资活动中身份的逐步转变,怎样处理投资活动与可持续发展目标的关系,需要更深入的研究。环境保护条款的合理适用无论对于东道国、投资者还是世界经济健康发展都是有利的,我们应该充分认识到环境保护条款的重要性。基于此,笔者最开始分析了环境保护条款在BIT中所处的法律地位。明确环境保护条款的性质(政策性取向)才能对其的法律作用有良好的认知,做到有的放矢。同时论述了环境保护条款的设计模式,从侧面说明了在不同的设计模式下环境保护条款的法律效力。接下来,笔者对美国最新版BIT范本中的环境保护条款进行探索和评价。阐述了其产生的背景:经济全球化带来的负面影响以及可持续发展原则的深刻影响,使人民对环境保护日益关注。通过新旧BIT范本的对比,明确了新范本对环境保护的强化,最终笔者也对美国BIT范本中加入环境保护条款的目的进行了论述。正如所有的事物都有两面性,环境保护条款的纳入给中国带来积极影响的同时,也增加我国对外投资活动的风险。总而言之,2012版BIT范本是作为发达国家的美国在其自身利益的立场上拟定的投资法制。虽然有风险和挑战,但是我们面对环境保护条款的立场便是认识且接受它,并把它纳入到中美BIT的谈判中来。
[Abstract]:China is the largest developing country in the world. At the same time, after more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China's scale of overseas investment has already ranked among the top 10 in the world. Growing economic power will give it more common ground in the BIT negotiations with the United States. During this period, China and the United States did not succeed in establishing the BIT model because the actual conditions of the two countries are different. There are differences between the positions and the interests to be safeguarded. China paid attention to the quantity of foreign investment in the early stage, while the United States demanded high-quality foreign investment. So, in this case, in the BIT negotiations between China and the United States, Public interest items such as environmental protection clauses should be fully agreed. In terms of near-term effects, the expansion of "public interest rules such as environmental protection and labour rights" means an increase in the cost and risk of foreign investment. But in the long run, A high standard of investment protection based on undermining the environment of the host country and other public interests is bound to be unsustainable, and foreign investment that disregards the sustainable economic and social development of the host country will eventually erode itself. Based on this, The latest version of the US model bilateral investment treaty has raised the standard of the environmental protection clause to a more stringent environmental protection model. There is no doubt that there is a lot of impact on the investment activities of China and other developing countries. As China gradually changes its identity in investment activities, how to deal with the relationship between investment activities and the goal of sustainable development? The rational application of environmental protection provisions is beneficial to the healthy development of the host country, investors and the world economy, and we should fully recognize the importance of environmental protection provisions. The author begins to analyze the legal status of environmental protection clauses in BIT. Only by making clear the nature of environmental protection clauses (policy sexual orientation) can we have a good understanding of its legal role. At the same time, it discusses the design mode of environmental protection clauses, and explains the legal effect of environmental protection clauses in different design modes. The author explores and evaluates the environmental protection clauses in the latest version of the BIT model of the United States, and expounds its background: the negative impact of economic globalization and the profound impact of the principle of sustainable development. Make the people pay more and more attention to the environmental protection. Through the comparison of the new and the old BIT model, it is clear that the new model strengthens the environmental protection. Finally, the author also discusses the purpose of adding environmental protection clauses in the BIT model of the United States. Just as all things have two sides, the inclusion of environmental protection clauses has a positive impact on China at the same time. It also increases the risk of our country's outward investment activities. In a word, the 2012 BIT model is an investment legal system developed by the United States as a developed country in its own interests. Although there are risks and challenges, But our position in the face of the environmental protection clause is to recognize and accept it and incorporate it into the BIT negotiations between China and the United States.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.1

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