海上拖航的若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 14:14

本文关键词： 海上拖航损害赔偿责任免责条款拖航格式合同　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海上拖航,作为一种海上作业形式,在海洋运输业中占有重要地位。然而,相对而言,由于拖航作业出现的时间比较短’,在海上拖航领域还没有形成比较通用的国际条约和国际惯例。从世界上的一些国家的国内立法看,也大多没有专门的针对海上拖航的立法,有的也是少量的条款。再看我国立法,我国《海商法》以专章十个条文的篇幅对海上拖航做出了规定,但也没有形成比较完备的海上拖航的法律体系。随着海洋的开发,海上拖航迎来了重大的发展机遇,而由拖航引起的纠纷也会大量增加,因此,有必要对海上拖航的若干法律问题进行比较细致的研究。本文立足于中国的法律法规,结合国内外的一些典型案例,并参考国际上比较通用的拖航格式合同,从理论和实践两个方面对海上拖航的若干法律问题,如当事人的主要权利义务问题、损害赔偿责任、免责条款的效力、拖航格式合同等法律问题进行论述,以期为海上拖航纠纷提供基本的解决思路。本文共分为四章。第一章主要介绍海上拖航的基本情况,如历史沿革、特征等,接着对拖航合同的法律性质进行讨论,在借鉴前人观点的基础上对海上拖航的法律性质及法律适用问题提出自己的见解。该章重点论述海上拖航合同与海上货物运输合同和海难拖航救助合同的异同点,以期避免在理论和实务中发生混淆。由于损害赔偿责任的承担,免责条款的效力问题等都与当事人的主要权利义务有着密切的关系,因此,对当事人的主要权利义务的讨论是非常有必要的。第二章的内容重点论述承拖双方的主要权利义务,如当事人的适航适拖的义务、承拖方的留置权、当事人的解除权等,并对当事人的适航适拖义务的性质做出判断,以明确当事人之间的责任。第三章是对海上拖航过程中的损害赔偿责任的论述,以期为拖航实务中损害赔偿责任纠纷的解决提供帮助。该章的内容分为两部分,第一部分是拖航过程中的损害赔偿责任的划分,并对拖航过程中船舶碰撞产生的责任承担问题进行重点讨论。第二部分是海事赔偿责任限制制度对海上拖航中损害赔偿责任的影响,从海上拖航中享有责任限制的主体(包括船舶和人)和责任限额的计算两个方面进行阐述,并对上述问题提出个人观点。第四章是对拖航格式合同的论述。该章的主要内容是结合国内外的审判实践及世界上比较通用的拖航格式合同,探讨在中国法下拖航格式合同中免责条款的效力问题,并对《英国拖航及其他服务标准条件》及BIMCO2格式"TOWCON"拖航协议中的若干条款进行评论,最后是对《中国拖轮公司拖航合同》与《英国拖航及其他服务标准条件》的大致比较。
[Abstract]:As a form of maritime operation, towing at sea plays an important role in marine transportation. However, relatively speaking, Due to the relatively short period of time in which towing operations have taken place, there has not been a relatively common international treaty and international practice in the field of maritime towing. From the domestic legislation of some countries in the world, most of them do not have any specific legislation for maritime towing. Some are also a small number of articles. Look at our country's legislation, the Maritime Law of our country has made provisions on maritime towing in the space of ten articles in a special chapter, but it has not formed a relatively complete legal system for maritime towing. With the development of the sea, There is a great opportunity for the development of towing at sea, and the disputes caused by towing will increase greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to study some legal problems of towing at sea in detail. Based on the laws and regulations of China, combined with some typical cases at home and abroad, and referring to the international common towing format contract, this paper discusses some legal problems of towing at sea from the aspects of theory and practice. Such as the main rights and obligations of the parties, liability for damages, the effectiveness of exemption clauses, the form of towing contract and other legal issues are discussed in order to provide a basic solution for maritime towing disputes. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the basic situation of sea towing, such as historical evolution, characteristics and so on, and then discusses the legal nature of the towing contract. Based on the previous views, the author puts forward his own opinions on the legal nature and application of maritime towing. This chapter focuses on the similarities and differences between the maritime towing contract and the maritime cargo transport contract and the salvage contract. In order to avoid confusion in theory and practice. As the liability for damages, the effectiveness of exemption clauses and so on are closely related to the main rights and obligations of the parties, therefore, It is very necessary to discuss the main rights and obligations of the parties. The second chapter focuses on the main rights and obligations of the parties, such as the parties' obligations of seaworthiness, the lien of the parties and the right of the parties to discharge, etc. And to judge the nature of the parties' seaworthiness and towing obligations, in order to clarify the responsibilities between the parties. The third chapter discusses the liability for damages in the course of maritime towing, in order to provide help for the settlement of disputes of liability for damages in the practice of towing. The content of this chapter is divided into two parts. The first part is the division of liability for damages in the course of towing. The second part is the impact of the limitation system of maritime liability on the liability for damages in marine towing. This paper expounds the main body (including ship and person) and the calculation of liability limit in sea towing, and puts forward personal views on the above problems. Chapter 4th is a discussion of the towing format contract. The main content of this chapter is to discuss the validity of exemption clauses in the towing format contract under Chinese law, combining the trial practice at home and abroad and the more common towing format contract in the world. This paper also makes a comment on some clauses in the "British tug and other service standard conditions" and the BIMCO2 "TOWCON" towing agreement. Finally, it makes a general comparison between the "China tug Company towing contract" and the "British tug and other Service Standard conditions".
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19

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