跨境破产的国际私法研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 08:43

本文选题：跨境破产　切入点：法律冲突　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化的深入和跨国企业的不断发展,世界经济一体化进程使得世界各国经济之间的相互影响和依存更加广泛和深入,不可避免地导致破产问题不再局限于一国之内。跨境破产案件因其数量众多、所涉利益巨大而得到学界及实务界的广泛关注。然而,由于各国在政治目标、经济利益、法律价值取向、法律传统等方面存在分歧,不同国家法律在跨境破产这一问题上的规定也就千差万别,导致对跨境破产案件进行国际协调存在着诸多困难。国际立法上曾试图通过统一立法实现破产普遍主义的理想,但破产问题往往涉及一国重大经济利益、公共利益,各国难以达成完全的共识,进而在立法上取得突破性进展。鉴于完善跨境破产相关法律制度的重要性和紧迫性,本文拟就跨境破产中主要的国际私法问题进行概述和研究,包括跨境破产的概念、历史沿革、法律冲突、域外效力、法律适用及承认与协助等,并重点就我国跨境破产领域的法律规定和司法实践进行总结和分析,以期找到立法的困境、对相关法律实务进行前瞻性研究。笔者认为,在立法层面,我国历史上在域外破产宣告的效力问题上一直坚持严格的属地主义,但部分地区也随着经济的发展对属地主义做出过变通。在《企业破产法》颁布实施后,我国法律对破产宣告的域外效力的规定才予以明确,其在理论上较为接近普遍主义,但又对普遍主义进行了限制。在司法实践层面,从《企业破产法》实施前后的相关案例来看,我国法院认为我国破产的宣告具有域外效力。另一方面,我国法院在对待外国法院宣告的破产时仍坚持严格的属地主义,不承认外国法院宣告的破产效力及于债务人位于中国的财产。这种做法难逃双重标准之嫌疑,也与跨境破产中国际合作之趋势不符。笔者认为,造成上述问题的主要原因有是立法本身给境外破产宣告在中国的承认与执行带来了极大的不确定因素。因此笔者进一步认为,在法律框架的层面上,我国需要进一步完善、统一与跨境破产相关的法律制度,包括在《企业破产法》中对跨境破产做更为详尽的专章规定或出台相应的司法解释等。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of economic globalization and the continuous development of transnational enterprises, the process of world economic integration has made the interaction and interdependence among the economies of the world more extensive and profound. Inevitably, bankruptcy is no longer confined to one country. Because of its large number and enormous interests, cross-border bankruptcy cases have attracted wide attention in academic and practical circles. However, because of the political objectives, economic interests of countries, There are differences in legal value orientation, legal tradition, and so on. The provisions of the laws of different countries on the issue of cross-border bankruptcy are also very different. There are many difficulties in international coordination of cross-border bankruptcy cases. International legislation has tried to realize the ideal of bankruptcy universalism through unified legislation, but bankruptcy issues often involve a country's major economic interests and public interests. Countries are difficult to reach a complete consensus, and then make a breakthrough in legislation. In view of the importance and urgency of perfecting the legal system related to cross-border bankruptcy, this paper intends to outline and study the main private international law issues in cross-border bankruptcy, including the concept, historical evolution, conflict of laws, extraterritorial effects of cross-border bankruptcy, In order to find out the dilemma of legislation and to carry out a prospective study on relevant legal practice, the author summarizes and analyzes the legal provisions and judicial practice in the field of cross-border bankruptcy in China. In my opinion, in the legislative level, China has always adhered to strict territorialism on the issue of the effect of the extraterritorial bankruptcy declaration in the history of our country. However, with the development of economy, some regions have also made modifications to territorialism. After the promulgation and implementation of Enterprise bankruptcy Law, the provisions of the extraterritorial effect of bankruptcy declaration in our country were clearly defined, and in theory it was closer to universalism. At the judicial practice level, from the relevant cases before and after the implementation of Enterprise bankruptcy Law, the court of our country considers that the declaration of bankruptcy has extraterritorial effect. Our courts still adhere to strict territorialism when dealing with bankruptcy declared by foreign courts, and do not recognize that the bankruptcy effect declared by foreign courts extends to the property of the debtor located in China. This practice cannot escape the suspicion of double standards. It is also inconsistent with the trend of international cooperation in cross-border bankruptcy. The author believes that the main reason for the above problems is that the legislation itself brings a great deal of uncertainty to the recognition and enforcement of the declaration of overseas bankruptcy in China. At the level of legal framework, our country needs to further improve and unify the legal system related to cross-border bankruptcy, including making more detailed regulations on cross-border bankruptcy in Enterprise bankruptcy Law or issuing corresponding judicial explanations, etc.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997

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