海洋法视阈下北极外大陆架划界问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 13:59

本文选题：北极外大陆架　切入点：划界　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：21世纪以来,随着全球气候变暖趋势的不断加剧,北极地区的海冰厚度和冰盖范围急剧减少,这使得对于北极的科学考察、资源开发、新航道开辟等活动更具现实意义,北极的地缘战略地位因而显著提高。北极战略价值的陡增,引发了北极周边国家对于北极资源和空间的争夺,北极外大陆架的划界问题就是最为直接的体现。北极大陆架外部界限的划定直接关乎北极地区整体性的治理格局以及全世界的共同利益,而以何种方式规范和治理北极外大陆架划界问题,也成为了当前北极问题研究的核心议题。现阶段,通过既有国际海洋法理规范北极外大陆架的划界问题是最为现实可行的路径。1982年的《联合国海洋法公约》是当前全球范围内最具权威性和普遍性的处理海洋划界问题的国际法规,加之北极以北冰洋为主体的地理特性,以《联合国海洋法公约》为主体的国际法理机制规范北极外大陆架划界问题具有不可代替的合理性与合法性。而在具体实践中,如何以现有的国际海洋法制度系统科学地规范北极外大陆架划界问题,如何解决在实际规范过程中遇到的问题和困难,这都是需要我们深入思考和研究的。北极外大陆架的划界问题与北极现阶段所面临的主要矛盾密不可分,北极域内国家之间、域内国家与域外国家之间、资源开发与原住民利益之间这三组主要矛盾是北极外大陆架划界问题产生的主要背景。同时,在面临主要矛盾的大背景下,北极外大陆架争议的产生,来源于多重因素。这些因素直接或间接地造成了今天北极外大陆架划界的复杂局势。面对如此复杂而激烈的局面,海洋法视角的运用为北极外大陆架划界的问题的具体治理及实践提供了科学可行的依据和契机,以《联合国海洋法公约》为代表的现有国际法理机制对于规范北极外大陆架划界的实际问题具有重要的指导意义。然而,从某些层面来看,我们也需要注意的是,以《联合国海洋法公约》为代表的现有国际法理机制在部分法规条款和规范程序上仍然存在着缺陷与不足,这也可能会加剧北极当前各国依据现有海洋法机制的漏洞大肆牟取自身利益,从而造成北极地区更为复杂的地缘局势。长远来看,探索更为系统合理的海洋法理机制,以科学、严谨、高效的法理程序规范北极外大陆架的划界问题,从而实现北极各方的利益协调以及北极公共地位的有效维护,将具有重大而深远的意义。
[Abstract]:Since 21th century, with the increasing trend of global warming, the sea ice thickness and ice cover in the Arctic region have decreased dramatically, which makes the activities of scientific exploration, resource development and new waterway opening in the Arctic more realistic. As a result, the geostrategic position of the Arctic has increased significantly. The sharp increase in the strategic value of the Arctic has led to competition for Arctic resources and space among the countries around the Arctic. The delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf is the most direct manifestation. The delineation of the outer limits of the Arctic continental shelf is directly related to the overall governance pattern of the Arctic region and the common interests of the whole world. And the question of how to regulate and govern the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf has also become the core issue in the current study of Arctic issues. At this stage, The most realistic and feasible way is to regulate the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf through the existing international maritime jurisprudence. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 is the most authoritative and universal approach to maritime delimitation in the world at present. International legislation on the issue, In addition, the Arctic Ocean is the main body of the Arctic, and the international legal mechanism with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as the main body has irreplaceable rationality and legitimacy in regulating the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf. How to scientifically regulate the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf with the existing international regime of the law of the sea, and how to resolve the problems and difficulties encountered in the course of practical norms, All this requires our in-depth thinking and study. The delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf is inextricably linked to the main contradictions facing the Arctic at this stage. These three main contradictions between the exploitation of resources and the interests of indigenous peoples are the main background of the problem of delineation of the outer Arctic continental shelf. At the same time, under the background of the major contradiction, the dispute over the outer Arctic continental shelf has arisen. Derived from multiple factors that, directly or indirectly, contributed to the complex situation in which the delineation of the continental shelf outside the Arctic today takes place... in the face of such a complex and intense situation, The application of the perspective of the law of the sea provides a scientific and feasible basis and opportunity for the specific governance and practice of the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf. The existing international legal mechanisms, represented by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, have important guidance on the practical issues of regulating the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf. However, at some levels, we also need to note that, The existing international legal mechanisms, represented by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, still have shortcomings and deficiencies in some legal provisions and normative procedures, This may also exacerbate the fact that the current Arctic countries are profiting from the loopholes in the existing law of the sea regime, thus creating a more complex geographical situation in the Arctic region. In the long run, exploring more systematic and rational legal mechanisms for the oceans for scientific purposes, It will be of great and far-reaching significance to regulate the delimitation of the outer Arctic continental shelf by strict and efficient legal procedures, so as to realize the coordination of the interests of the parties to the Arctic and the effective maintenance of the public status of the Arctic.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

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