GATS第5条研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 10:25

本文选题：服务贸易　切入点：经济一体化　出处：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：就当前理论与实践而言，实现贸易自由化的途径主要有两条，分别为WTO多边贸易体制和区域贸易体制。然囿于多边贸易体制交易成本较大等问题，近年来，区域经济一体化已然成为全球经济发展的趋势。伴随服务贸易在全球范围内不断发展以及服务贸易多边自由化进程受挫，，区域性贸易协定中不断加入服务贸易的相关内容，推动区域服务贸易自由化得到快速发展。作为服务贸易多边化的重要成果，《服务贸易总协定》（GneneralAgreement on Tradein Services，以下简称GATS）第5条对服务贸易经济一体化作出规定，其内容包括“涵盖众多服务部门”、“取消实质上所有歧视”、“不得提高贸易壁垒总体水平”等实体要件以及“通知”、“定期报告”、“审查”等程序要件。这些要件不仅是关涉各区域性组织制定服务贸易规则的合法性问题，而且是各服务贸易区域经济一体化协议面临的共同性问题。但是，GATS第5条本身却存在规定不明确、概念不清晰等诸多解释性问题。因此，本文欲从理论与实证结合的角度，综合运用文本分析、比较分析及法经济学分析，阐明GATS第5条所涉的相关法律问题，并希望为我国今后开展GATS第5条多边谈判以及参与区域服务贸易合作提供参考。本文分为五部分：第一部分对GATS第5条的基础理论问题进行梳理，从GATS第5条所涉“经济一体化”的界定入手，对服务贸易区域经济一体化的法律基础、现状及成因进行简要分析。第二部分对GATS第5条的制定及其法律框架进行深入分析。主要运用历史分析方法，从GATS第5条的缔结及谈判背景着手，试图从根源上探寻GATS第5条涉及的基本问题，并以此为切入点，连带分析GATS第5条的范围及法律框架。第三部分着眼于对GATS第5条实体要件的文本分析，先后对“涵盖众多服务部门”、“取消实质上所有歧视”、“不得提高贸易壁垒的总体水平”进行阐释，并结合GATT第24条进行对比研究，立足实际，以各成员提案作为参考，论证该实体要件的科学合理之处及存在的缺陷，并且对于具体问题提出建议。第四部分着重于对GATS第5条的程序要件进行文本分析，“通知”、“定期报告”及“审查”均是透明度机制的具体体现，同时结合GATS和GATT其他条文中所包含的类似用语进行对比分析，欲从同一框架体系中探寻明确性的解释，并在分析过程中指出程序要件的缺陷并及时提出建议。最后，本文的第五部分在前四部门分析基础之上，提出对GATS第5条的完善建议。由于GATS第5条的完善终究以谈判开始、以谈判结束，并且基于第三部分和第四部门在分析中就某些细节问题已提出具体建议，因此提出建议过程分别从谈判角度以及框架性机制角度提出建议，试图在宏观上为GATS第5条的充实和完善献言献策。
[Abstract]:In terms of current theory and practice, there are two main ways to realize trade liberalization, namely, WTO multilateral trading system and regional trading system. However, due to the large transaction cost of multilateral trading system, in recent years, Regional economic integration has become the trend of global economic development. With the continuous development of trade in services in the global scope and the setback of multilateral liberalization of trade in services, regional trade agreements continue to incorporate the relevant contents of trade in services. Promoting the rapid development of regional service trade liberalization. As an important achievement of multilateral trade in services, Article 5 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) provides for the economic integration of trade in services. They include substantive elements such as "cover a wide range of services sectors", "eliminate all substantive discrimination", "do not raise the overall level of barriers to trade", and procedural elements such as "Notification", "Periodic report" and "Review". These elements are not only. Dealing with the legality of rules on trade in services by regional organizations, However, Article 5 of GATS itself has many explanatory problems, such as unclear regulation, unclear concept and so on. Therefore, this paper intends to combine the theory with the empirical point of view, which is the common problem faced by the regional economic integration agreements of trade in services, however, Article 5 of GATS itself has many explanatory problems, such as unclear provisions, unclear concepts, and so on. This paper makes comprehensive use of text analysis, comparative analysis and legal and economic analysis to elucidate the relevant legal issues involved in Article 5 of GATS, and hopes to provide a reference for China to carry out multilateral negotiations on Article 5 of GATS and to participate in regional trade cooperation in services in the future. This paper is divided into five parts:. The first part combs the basic theoretical problems of Article 5 of GATS, starting with the definition of "economic integration" in Article 5 of GATS, and briefly analyzes the legal basis, present situation and causes of regional economic integration of service trade. The second part makes an in-depth analysis of the formulation and legal framework of Article 5 of GATS. By means of historical analysis, the author tries to explore the basic problems involved in Article 5 of GATS from the root of the conclusion and negotiation background of Article 5 of GATS. As a starting point, this paper analyzes the scope and legal framework of Article 5 of GATS. The third part focuses on the text analysis of the substantive elements of Article 5 of GATS, successively explains "covering many service sectors", "eliminating all discrimination in substance" and "not to raise the overall level of trade barriers". Combined with the comparative study of Article 24 of GATT, based on the practice and taking the member's proposal as the reference, this paper demonstrates the scientific and reasonable points and the defects of the substantive elements, and puts forward some suggestions for the concrete problems. Part 4th focuses on the textual analysis of the procedural elements of Article 5 of the GATS. "Notification", "Periodic report" and "Review" are all concrete manifestations of the transparency mechanism. At the same time, combining with the similar terms contained in other articles of GATS and GATT, this paper makes a comparative analysis, in order to explore the clear explanation from the same frame system, and points out the defects of procedural elements and puts forward some suggestions in the process of analysis. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the first four departments, the 5th part of this paper puts forward some suggestions for the improvement of Article 5 of GATS. Since the perfection of Article 5 of GATS begins with negotiation, it ends with negotiation. And based on the fact that the third part and the 4th department have made specific suggestions on some detailed issues in the analysis, the process of making the recommendations is from the perspective of negotiation and framework mechanism, respectively. This paper attempts to offer suggestions for the enrichment and perfection of Article 5 of GATS on the macro level.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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