生态难民的救济与保护

发布时间：2018-03-13 04:13

本文选题：生态难民　切入点：保护机制衔接　出处：《苏州大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态难民,顾名思义可以简单描述为面对生态灾难,而被迫逃离的人。生态难民的现象是古已有之,但生态难民的法律地位至今还没有被国际难民法所明确确认。面对灾害,人最初的本能就是逃离,不管这种灾害是自然灾害还是人为灾害。第二次世界大战以后,和平和发展成为社会主题,全球化、经济一体化带来了新的社会问题:气候变化、环境污染、资源枯竭,以及高危事故频发,这些灾害产生了大量不能在原来的居住地生活,而主动或被迫逃离的生态难民。生态难民问题并没有引起国际社会的足够认识,生态难民也没有得到充分的救济与保护。国际强制法对生态的保护一直处于空白状态,国际生态环境日益恶化,生态难民数量日益增多;生态难民的法律地位不明确,不被国际难民法所承认,也得不到一般难民所得到的救助;国际上也缺少专门的机制对生态难民进行救助。对生态难民进行救济与保护制度的构建实际是在现有制度的基础之上,对现有保护方式全面分析,同时借鉴一些其他方面的机制,尽量提出一套周密、详尽与可行的保护措施。首先,充分与国际难民法进行衔接,把符合国际难民法难民认定条件的生态难民纳入难民法中,利用难民法的机制进行救济。其次,利用难民法之外的保护人权的国际法律措施,对生态难民进行保护。最后,提出一套综合性保护体系,理清国家、私人与国际社会所要承担的责任,对这些主体承担责任的重合部分或者“真空”部分进行理顺或填补,并且借鉴现有公约的保护方法,尽可能为生态难民提供充分的救济与保护。
[Abstract]:Ecological refugees, as the name implies, can be simply described as people forced to flee in the face of ecological disasters. The phenomenon of ecological refugees has existed in ancient times, but the legal status of ecological refugees has not yet been explicitly recognized by international refugee law. After the second World War, peace and development became social themes, globalization and economic integration brought new social problems: climate change. Environmental pollution, resource depletion, and frequent high risk accidents have resulted in a large number of ecological refugees who are unable to live in their original place of residence and who are either active or forced to flee. The problem of ecological refugees has not aroused sufficient awareness in the international community, and ecological refugees have not received adequate relief and protection. The protection of ecology by international compulsory law has been in a blank state, and the international ecological environment is deteriorating day by day. The number of ecological refugees is increasing day by day; the legal status of ecological refugees is not clear, they are not recognized by international refugee law, nor can they be assisted by ordinary refugees; there is also a lack of special mechanism to rescue ecological refugees. The actual construction of relief and protection system for ecological refugees is based on the existing system, comprehensive analysis of the existing protection methods, and reference to some other mechanisms, as far as possible to put forward a set of thorough, Detailed and feasible measures of protection. First, fully link up with international refugee law, bring into refugee law ecological refugees who meet the conditions of refugee identification under international refugee law, and make use of the mechanism of refugee law for relief. Second, Using international legal measures for the protection of human rights outside refugee law to protect ecological refugees... finally, to propose a comprehensive system of protection that clarifies the responsibilities of the State, the private sector and the international community, The overlapping part or "vacuum" part of the responsibility of these subjects should be straightened out or filled, and the protection methods of the existing conventions should be used for reference to provide adequate relief and protection for ecological refugees as far as possible.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D998.2

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