欧盟航空减排指令中的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 17:02

本文选题：欧盟航空减排指令　切入点：芝加哥公约　出处：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：欧盟于2008年11月19日通过法案(第2008/101/EC号指令)决定将航空领域纳入欧盟碳排放交易体系(EU-ETS)中,并于2012年1月1日正式开始实施。该指令适用于所有飞抵和飞离欧洲的航班,欧盟成员国经欧盟授权管制其国内航班及指定的外国航班,此举引起国际社会的广泛争议。此举涉嫌违反《芝加哥公约》、《京都议定书》等国际条约,以及“主权排他管辖原则”、“共同但有区别原则”、“非歧视待遇原则”等国际惯例。美国多家航空公司联合于2009年对欧盟委员会提起诉讼,称“指令”违反了《芝加哥公约》、《京都议定书》、《开放天空协议》及有关国际原则惯例,官司以欧盟法院判决美方败诉结束。欧盟判决的公正性遭到国际社会的质疑。2012年2月21、22日,国际民航组织的32个成员国在莫斯科通过的“莫斯科宣言”中提议采取九种对抗性措施。在国际社会的压力下,2013年2月26日,欧盟委员会通过了暂时停止“指令”执行的方案。航空二氧化碳减排问题不仅是全球环境问题,也关系到各国的政治、经济利益,因此,最好的解决方法还是应回归到法律层面来进行分析。本文主要分为四个部分：一、背景介绍,主要阐述《第2008/101/EC号指令》的产生原因、发展进程及主要内容；二、指令实施后国际社会的反应及应对情况；三、在前两章的基础上对“指令”的合法性进行分析；四、针对上述分析,提出我国的应对措施。本文的主要对欧盟航空减排指令从以下几方面进行合法性分析：一、《芝加哥公约》的第1条关于主权国家排他管辖权的规定；第15条和第24条关于免收税费的规定；二、《京都议定书》中第2条第2款关于航空领域温室气体排放规制的规定,及确立的“共同但有区别原则”的国际惯例；三、WTO规则中的的“国民待遇原则”和“最惠国待遇原则”,以及“指令”是否符合WTO中关于环境保护的“一般例外条款”的规定。
[Abstract]:The European Union passed the Act (Directive No. 2008 / 101 / EC) on November 19th 2008 to include the aviation sector in the European Union's carbon emissions trading system, EU-ETS, which was formally implemented in January 1st 2012. The directive applies to all flights arriving and leaving Europe. The EU member states have been authorized by the EU to regulate their domestic flights and designated foreign flights, which has caused widespread controversy in the international community. The move is suspected of violating international treaties such as the Chicago Convention and the Kyoto Protocol. And international practices such as the principle of sovereign exclusive jurisdiction, the principle of common but differentiated treatment and the principle of non-discrimination. A number of American airlines filed a joint lawsuit against the European Commission on 2009, alleging that the Directive violated the Chicago Convention, the Kyoto Protocol, the Open Skies Agreement and related international principles and practices. The case ended with a US defeat by the European Court of Justice. The impartiality of the EU decision was questioned by the international community. On February 2012, on 22nd, The Moscow Declaration, adopted in Moscow by the 32 member States of the International Civil Aviation Organization, proposed nine confrontational measures. Under pressure from the international community, on February 26th 2013, The European Commission has adopted a moratorium on the implementation of the directive. The issue of reducing carbon dioxide emissions in aviation is not only a global environmental issue, but also a matter of political and economic interest for all countries. The best solution is to return to the legal level for analysis. This article is mainly divided into four parts: first, background introduction, mainly explain the cause, development process and main contents of EC Directive 2008 / 101; second, the response and response of the international community after the implementation of the directive; third, On the basis of the first two chapters of the analysis of the legitimacy of the "directive"; fourth, in view of the above analysis, The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) Article 1 of the Chicago Convention on the exclusive jurisdiction of sovereign states; The provisions of articles 15 and 24 on exemption from taxes and fees; second, the provisions of Article 2, paragraph 2, of the Kyoto Protocol on the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions in the field of aviation, and the established international practice of the "common but differentiated principle"; Third, the "principle of National treatment" and "principle of most-favoured-nation treatment" in the WTO rules, and whether the "Directive" conforms to the "general exception clause" of environmental protection in WTO.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D996.9

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