论WTO争端裁决执行制度的缺陷及完善

发布时间：2018-03-22 20:40

本文选题：WTO争端裁决　切入点：执行制度　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自WTO成立以来,已经走过了20个年头,WTO争端解决机构作为解决成员方之间国际争端的专门机构,起到了重要的作用。随着近些年来WTO争端案件的不断增多,很多案件都已经进入到执行程序或已经执行完毕,大多数成员方的国际争端案件都能以和平的方式得到解决。但随着各成员执行WTO争端裁决案件的增多,其积累的实践经验也不断增多,尤其是美国等发达国家,已经建立起一套完整的应对WTO争端裁决执行制度的法律体系,WTO争端裁决执行制度的缺陷也逐渐暴露了出来。因此,成员方在执行WTO争端裁决时,往往利用执行制度的缺陷,对案件的执行期限进行拖延,尤其是涉及欧美等发达国家的国际争端案件,往往执行了好几年也没有结果,大大降低了WTO争端裁决的执行效率。鉴于WTO争端裁决执行制度的现状,对于WTO争端裁决执行制度的修改和完善已经迫在眉睫,WTO争端组织也已经意识到该问题的重要性,并已经开始了对WTO争端裁决执行制度的修改进行谈判。只是在谈判的过程中,虽然WTO各成员对于执行制度的修改都很积极,在谈判过程中也提出了各自的建议,但由于WTO各成员不能形成统一的意见,致使对于执行制度修改的谈判最终以失败告终。我国虽然加入WTO的时间尚短,但由于我国是一个贸易大国,涉及的国际争端案件也越来越多,因此对于我国来说,一方面,在执行WTO争端裁决过程中,应借鉴美国等发达国家在立法上和实践上的执行经验,维护我国的合法权益；另一方面,我国作为最大的发展中国家,应积极推进WTO争端裁决执行制度的修改和完善。就本文而言,结构上分为四个部分：第一部分对WTO争端裁决执行制度进行了概述。首先,通过对WTO争端裁决执行制度的由来进行分析,总结出WTO争端裁决执行制度的概念。其次,对WTO争端裁决执行制度的内容进行了具体的阐述,执行制度的内容主要包括监督执行DSB建议或裁决的规定、对DSB建议或裁决不履行时的救济措施两方面,并就合理期限的确定、执行审查程序、补偿及报复制度等具体内容进行了介绍。最后,结合WTO官网的数据,对WTO争端裁决的执行现状进行了分析。第二部分对WTO争端裁决执行制度的缺陷进行了总结。在“合理期限”的确定方面,由于DSU第21条第3款的规定限定模糊,致使仲裁在确定WTO争端裁决的执行合理期限时,没有具体的标准可依,主要依靠自由裁量权,给成员方拖延执行期限提供了机会；在执行审查程序方面,因为对执行审查程序和申请授权报复程序没有规定适用顺序,导致在实践执行中二者出现了执行混乱的局面；在适用补偿及报复措施方面,因为补偿措施的自身限制,很少有成员方作为救济手段采纳,申请授权报复措施,对于使用平行报复、跨部门报复还是跨协定报复,标准不明确,主要依靠成员方主观判断。第三部分对WTO争端裁决执行制度的完善进行了阐述。通过对各成员方针对WTO争端裁决执行制度的修改及完善所提出的方案进行分析,并参考多哈部长会议上形成的主席草案对于WTO争端裁决执行制度的修改及完善的建议,分别从合理期限的确定、执行审查程序、救济措施三方面进行论述,并对以上方案进行简单评述,提出自己的修改及完善建议。第四部分指出了我国执行WTO争端裁决的问题及完善的建议。就我国目前执行WTO争端裁决存在的问题进行总结,主要集中在立法上和执行实践中,通过分析借鉴美国建立的执行WTO争端裁决的法律体系,来完善我国对于WTO争端裁决的执行机制。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of WTO, has gone through 20 years, the WTO dispute settlement mechanism as a specialized agency to resolve international disputes between members, has played an important role. In recent years, along with the WTO dispute cases are increasing, many cases have been entered into the program execution or has been executed, the majority of members international dispute cases can be settled peacefully. But with the increase of the members of the executive WTO dispute case, the experience is also increasing, especially in the United States and other developed countries have established a complete legal system on the WTO Dispute Adjudication enforcement system, the enforcement of the ruling system of the WTO dispute defects are gradually exposed out. Therefore, the members in the implementation of the WTO dispute adjudication, often by the defect of the implementation of the system, in the case of the implementation period of delay, especially in Europe and America and other developed The country's international dispute cases, often perform several years with no result, greatly reduced the WTO Dispute Adjudication efficiency. In view of the status quo of WTO Dispute Adjudication of the implementation of the system, the WTO Dispute Adjudication execution system modification and perfection of the WTO dispute has been imminent, organizations have realized the importance of this problem, and has already begun the WTO Dispute Adjudication execution system modification negotiations. Only in the course of negotiations, although all members of the WTO for the implementation of system changes are very active in the negotiation process, also put forward their own proposals, but by all members of the WTO can not form a unified opinion, the system for the implementation of the negotiations ended in failure in the end. Although China's accession to the WTO of the time is short, but because China is a big trading country, the international disputes are more and more cases, therefore, for our country, on the one hand, in Execute the WTO dispute adjudication process, should draw lessons from the United States and other developed countries in legislation and Practice on the implementation of experience, safeguard China's legitimate rights and interests; on the other hand, China is the largest developing country, should actively promote the implementation of WTO dispute adjudication system modification and improvement. In this paper, the structure is divided into four part: the first part gives a brief introduction of the WTO dispute ruling execution system. Firstly, based on the origin of WTO Dispute Adjudication execution system analysis, summed up the concept of WTO Dispute Adjudication enforcement system. Secondly, the WTO dispute rulings are elaborated for the contents of the implementation of the system, mainly includes the supervision regulations DSB recommendations or rulings, the two aspects of DSB recommendations or rulings do not perform the relief measures and reasonable deadline, the compliance review procedure, the specific content of the compensation and retaliation system etc. Introduced in this paper. Finally, according to the official website of WTO data, analyzed the status of implementation of the WTO dispute adjudication. The second part summarizes the defects of WTO dispute adjudication system. In the aspect of "implementation to determine the reasonable period of time", due to the provisions of the third paragraph of article twenty-first of the DSU limit is fuzzy, resulting in arbitration in determining the reasonable period of time for implementation of WTO the dispute adjudication, no specific standard, mainly rely on discretion, period provides an opportunity for members of the Fang Tuoyan implementation; in the implementation of the review process, because of the compliance review procedure and the application program is not authorized retaliation provisions applicable to order, resulting in the practice in the implementation of the two appeared in execution chaos; application of compensation and compensation measures of retaliatory measures because of their own limitations, few members of the party as a relief means adopted for authorization of retaliation for the use of parallel cross sector retaliation Revenge or cross agreement retaliation, the standard is not clear, mainly rely on the subjective judgment of members. The third part elaborates on the WTO Dispute Adjudication to perfect executive system. Through the analysis of the proposed to modify and perfect the policy of the members of WTO Dispute Adjudication enforcement system scheme, and reference form Doha ministerial meeting for President Bill WTO Dispute Adjudication execution system to modify and perfect the proposal, determined separately from the reasonable period of time, the compliance review procedure, three aspects of relief measures are discussed, and a brief review of the above plan, put forward to modify and perfect suggestions. The fourth part points out the WTO Dispute Adjudication problem and suggestions of our implementation. Our current implementation of WTO dispute decision problems are summarized, mainly concentrated in the legislation and execution in practice, by analyzing the establishment of implementation in WTO dispute settlement The legal system of the adjudication to improve our country's enforcement mechanism for the WTO dispute award.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D996.1

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