用尽当地救济原则在国际投资法中的运用

发布时间：2018-03-25 08:44

本文选题：用尽当地救济　切入点：华盛顿公约　出处：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：用尽当地救济原则是一项古老的国际习惯法规则。它的发展过程不是一帆风顺的,而是一波三折的。如揭示客观事物发展的规律性,往往表现在其萌发、产生、发展、兴盛、衰微、替代、悄然重现的过程。在国际投资发展之初,国际实践普遍遵循用尽当地救济原则,广大国际法学家也予以赞同。但随着国际投资的蓬勃发展,以两次历史事件为分割线,用尽当地救济原则受到了极大的挑战。随着1965年国际投资争端解决中心的建立以及《华盛顿公约》的通过,用尽当地救济原则作为可选择项被大为削弱。虽然根据公约用尽当地救济与国际仲裁可以并存且作为国际仲裁的前置条件,但是之后各国实践表明,东道国和投资者很少选择用尽当地救济作为争议解决方式。十九世纪八十年代双边投资条约的兴起,国际投资争端解决中心的管辖权不再源自东道国与投资者的合同约定,而是源自于东道国和投资者签订的双边投资条约。国际投资争端解决中心管辖权的国际地位因双边投资条约的广泛实践而固定。用尽当地救济原则被进一步裁汰。我国改革开放实践三十年来,成功的由资本缺乏的贸易弱国转型为资本过剩的贸易大国,从请进来到与国际接轨到走出去的无缝对接使得我国从资本输入大国变为资本输出大国。走出去不只是国家的导向政策,从根本上说是以经济发展规律为基础的必然选择。身兼资本输入和资本输出两种身份,在引进来和走出去双向纵深开放的新格局中,如何对待用尽当地救济原则成为关键的新课题。在资本输入环节中,来华的投资主体主要是发达国家。虽然我国正处于从贸易大国向贸易强国的转换过程中,但本质上还是一个发展中国家。因此对于引进来我国仍须采取务实的态度坚持用尽当地救济。在资本输出的环节中,我国的对外投资流向地有发达国家也有发展中国家。随着一带一路的行稳致远地推进,将会有越来越多的发展中国家成为中国的合作对象。因此在对外投资的过程中,中国对用尽当地救济原则应当有所取舍,一味坚持用尽当地救济原则既不符合我国对外投资者的利益,也不利于走出的战略。
[Abstract]:The principle of exhaustion of local remedies is an ancient rule of customary international law. Its development process is not smooth, but a series of twists and turns. If it reveals the regularity of the development of objective things, it is often manifested in its germination, production, development and prosperity. At the beginning of the development of international investment, international practice generally followed the principle of exhaustion of local remedies, and so did the vast number of international jurists. But with the vigorous development of international investment, The principle of exhaustion of local remedies was greatly challenged by the separation of two historical events. With the establishment of the International Centre for settlement of Investment disputes in 1965 and the adoption of the Washington Convention, The principle of exhaustion of local remedies as an optional item is considerably weakened... while exhaustion of local remedies and international arbitration may coexist and are pre-conditions for international arbitration under the Convention, subsequent State practice has shown that. Host countries and investors rarely choose to exhaust local remedies as a means of dispute settlement. With the emergence of bilateral investment treaties in the 1880s, the jurisdiction of the International Centre for settlement of Investment disputes (ICSID) no longer derives from contractual agreements between host countries and investors, The international status of the International Centre for settlement of Investment disputes (ICSID) is fixed by the extensive practice of bits. The principle of exhaustion of local remedies is further reduced. Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, A successful transition from a weak, capital-starved trading country to a large trading country with excess capital, The seamless docking from invitation to international integration to the outside world has transformed our country from a large capital importing country to a large capital exporting country. Going out is not just a country's guiding policy. Fundamentally speaking, it is an inevitable choice based on the laws of economic development. How to deal with the principle of exhaustion of local remedies has become a key new issue. In the process of capital input, the main investors coming to China are mainly developed countries. Although China is in the process of transforming from a big trading country to a powerful trading country, But it is still a developing country in essence. Therefore, we still have to adopt a pragmatic attitude towards bringing in our country and insist on exhausting local remedies. China's foreign investment flows to both developed and developing countries. With Belt and Road's steady progress, more and more developing countries will become the object of China's cooperation. Therefore, in the process of outward investment, China should choose and choose from the principle of exhaustion of local remedies and blindly adhere to the principle of exhaustion of local remedies is neither in the interests of our foreign investors nor conducive to the strategy of going out.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.4

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