论TRIPS协议下我国商标权的刑法保护

发布时间：2018-03-25 20:33

本文选题：TRIPS协议　切入点：商标权刑法保护　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》（以下简称“TRIPS协议”）是第一个规定商标权刑法保护的国际公约，它不仅要求各缔约国对商标权提供必要的刑法保护手段，还进一步规定了侵犯商标权犯罪的刑事程序和刑罚措施。我国作为TRIPS协议的缔约国，有义务履行TRIPS协议的规定，将其对于商标权刑事救济的规定转化为国内法适用。目前，我国商标权的刑法保护已经达到了TRIPS协议的最低标准，但是并未完全符合TRIPS协议的有关规定，并且明显滞后于商标部门法的发展和发达国家商标权刑事立法。本文试从比较法的视角，通过比较研究我国商标权的刑法保护与TRIPS协议及世界主要国家侵犯商标权犯罪的刑事立法，来剖析我国商标权刑法保护的不足，并提出相应的立法完善建议。本文共分为四部分：第一部分介绍了我国侵犯商标权犯罪高发的现状，，并总结出我国侵犯商标权犯罪呈现出主体日益复杂化、手段日益高科技化、行为日益复合化、对象日益广泛化、活动日益国际化、后果日益严重化等特点。进而从经济角度、犯罪人角度、被害人角度和政治法律角度分析了我国侵犯商标权犯罪高发的原因，并回顾了我国商标权刑法保护的立法沿革，简要评析了侵犯商标权犯罪的具体罪名。第二部分主要介绍了TRIPS协议对商标权的刑法保护。TRIPS协议对商标权刑法保护的目标是促进技术的革新转让与传播、促进商标权的所有者和使用者互相受益、促进权利与义务的平衡；TRIPS协议对商标权刑法保护的基本原则为国民待遇原则、保护公共秩序原则、社会公共利益原则等；TRIPS协议对商标权刑法保护的标准是最低标准，WTO成员国必须遵守。TRIPS协议对商标权刑法保护的适用条件包括保护的对象、规制的行为、行为人主观方面、刑罚设置和具体实施等方面。第三部分首先从宏观上分析了TRIPS协议下我国刑法介入商标权保护领域是必要的，但是不能过度夸大和强调刑法介入的实际效用。之后从中美知识产权WTO争端案的角度切入，提出我国商标权刑法保护虽然达到了TRIPS协议的最低标准，但是在立法模式、保护范围、刑罚设置上仍存在以下缺陷：集中型立法模式导致商标权刑法保护的滞后、缺乏对服务商标的保护、缺乏对驰名商标的特殊保护、缺少对驰名商标淡化行为和反向假冒行为的规制、罪刑结构失衡、刑罚设置缺乏针对性且过于严厉等。第四部分通过借鉴TRIPS协议和世界主要国家对侵犯商标权犯罪的刑事立法，从两个方面提出完善我国商标权刑法保护的建议。在价值取向选择方面，我国商标权的刑法保护应当坚持以国际化为主本土化为辅的选择和秩序优先兼顾权利的选择，保持我国商标权刑法保护的独立品格并实现个人利益与社会利益的平衡。在具体立法方面，可从三个方面进行完善：第一，借鉴结合型立法模式，在商标法中补充规定侵犯商标权犯罪的犯罪构成和刑事责任；第二，扩大商标权刑法保护的范围，将注册服务商标纳入假冒注册商标罪的保护范围、加强对驰名商标的特殊保护、将反向假冒行为纳入刑法规制；第三，调整刑罚配置，可以逐步弱化自由刑，偏重罚金刑的运用，同时注重发挥资格刑的作用，实现侵犯商标权犯罪刑罚方式的多样化等。
[Abstract]:< > intellectual property agreements related to trade (hereinafter referred to as the "TRIPS agreement") is the first International Convention on the protection of trademark rights provisions of criminal law, it not only requires the parties to provide the necessary means of criminal protection of trademark rights, but also further stipulated the crime of trademark infringement criminal procedures and penalties in China as measures. The TRIPS agreement of the parties, the obligation to fulfill the provisions of the TRIPS agreement, the provisions of the trademark rights criminal relief into domestic law. At present, the criminal protection of trademark in our country has reached the minimum standard TRIPS protocol, but the relevant provisions did not fully comply with the TRIPS agreement, and lagged behind the Trademark Department the development of developed countries and the trademark rights criminal legislation. This paper from the perspective of comparative law, through the comparative study of China's trademark rights criminal law protection and TRIPS protocol and the main countries in the world of infringement of trademark The criminal legislation of the right crime is used to analyze the shortage of the criminal law protection of the trademark right in our country, and to put forward the corresponding suggestions for perfecting the legislation.
This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the current situation of the crime of trademark infringement in China, and summed up China's trademark infringement crime shows body become increasingly complex, increasingly high, behavior becomes more and more complex, the object is becoming increasingly widespread, more international, increasingly serious consequences etc. then from the economic point of view, the criminal victim and political point of view, view of legal point of view of the causes of the crime of trademark infringement in China, and reviews the legislative history of the criminal protection of trademark in our country, analyzes the specific charges of violations of trademark rights crime.
The second part mainly introduces the target TRIPS protocol to the trademark rights of criminal law protection of.TRIPS agreement on the criminal protection for trademark rights is to promote the reform of the transfer and dissemination of technology, promote the trademark owners and users of mutual benefit, to promote the balance of rights and obligations; the basic principles of criminal law protection of trademark right TRIPS agreement for the principle of national treatment and protection the public order principle, the principle of public interest; the standard TRIPS protocol on the criminal protection of trademark rights is the lowest standard, WTO members must comply with the.TRIPS agreement the applicable conditions of criminal protection of trademark rights including the protection of objects, regulation of behavior, subjective behavior, penalty setting and implementation.
The third part of the first from the macro analysis is necessary under the TRIPS agreement in China's criminal law protection of the right to intervene in the field of trademark, the actual utility but not exaggerated and emphasized the intervention of the criminal law. After the Sino US intellectual property dispute case from WTO's angle, proposed our country trademark rights criminal law protection while the minimum standards to TRIPS protocol. But in the legislative model, the scope of protection, there are still defects following penalty setting: centralized legislative mode causes the criminal protection of trademark rights, the lack of protection of service trademark, the lack of the special protection of the well-known trademark, the lack of regulation of trademark dilution and counterfeiting, the imbalance of structure, the penalty for lack of and too harsh.
The fourth part mainly through using the TRIPS protocol and the world of national trademark infringement crimes criminal legislation, put forward to perfect the criminal protection of trademark rights in China from two aspects. In the aspect of the selection of the value orientation of criminal protection for trademark right in China should adhere to the selection and order of the main International Soil supplemented by priority rights select and maintain the independent character of criminal law protection of trademark in our country and realize the balance of individual interests and social interests. In the specific legislation should be perfected from three aspects: first, from the combined legislative mode of constitution of crime and criminal responsibility in the trademark law in the supplementary provisions of the crime of trademark infringement; second, to expand the scope of the criminal protection of trademark rights, trademark registration services will be included in the scope of protection of the crime of counterfeiting registered trademarks, strengthen the protection of well-known trademark, the reverse counterfeit behavior into the punishment Law regulation; third, adjusting penalty allocation can gradually weaken the penalty of freedom and emphasize the application of fine penalty. At the same time, we should give full play to the function of qualification penalty, and achieve the diversification of punishment methods of trademark infringement.

【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D924.3;D923.4;D997.1

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