核能安全营运国际法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 13:18

本文选题：核能安全营运　切入点：核安全法律制度　出处：《南昌大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今国际社会面临着比较严峻的能源危机(按照世界现今探明的能源储量和消耗速度,全球化石能源的枯竭不可避免)与环境危机,核能的和平利用有着巨大的发展空间,很多国家都在积极地开发和利用核能,旨在提高其在本国能源结构之中的地位。核能将成为缓解人类能源危机的主要路径之一。与石油、天然气、煤炭等能源相比,核能具有清洁、高效、环保(资源丰富、不排放温室气体)等显著优势,但也存在着产生高放射性废物的劣势,一旦发生事故可能对人类生命、财产及环境产生极大危害。因此,保障核能安全营运就成为了发展核能所必须考虑的首要课题。本文将从国际法的视角,认真分析、探讨、总结核能安全营运的主要国际法基本原则:核能主权与不损害国外环境原则、核能营运安全至上原则(预防性原则和保护性原则)、核能可持续发展原则以及核事故责任承担原则等,结合现行具体的相关国际法律制度(以放射性物质管理、核事故、核废料越境转移等方面的国际法律制度为例)、国际组织的相关情况,明确其在促进核能安全营运过程中的表现的不足(法律规定不完善性、较弱的强制性、缺乏监督实施力度、国际原子能机构本身存在不足、国际社会合作不充分等),提出自己的理解和想法。最后,结合我国现行核能安全营运法律制度的现状,进行分析评价,并提出相应的笔者建议(如健全我国核能安全营运法律体系,明确相关部门的监督管理职责,完善核损害赔偿制度以及设立公众介入制度等),以期在核能安全营运法律制度完善的过程中,起到抛砖引玉之微用。
[Abstract]:At present, the international community is facing a severe energy crisis (according to the world's proven energy reserves and consumption rate, the depletion of global fossil energy is inevitable) and the environmental crisis, the peaceful use of nuclear energy has a huge space for development. Many countries are actively developing and using nuclear energy to enhance their position in their energy mix. Nuclear energy will become one of the main ways to alleviate the human energy crisis. Compared with oil, natural gas, coal and other energy sources, Nuclear energy has significant advantages such as cleanliness, efficiency, environmental protection (rich in resources, non-emission of greenhouse gases), but it also has the disadvantage of producing highly radioactive waste, which could be harmful to human life in the event of an accident. Therefore, safeguarding the safe operation of nuclear energy has become the most important issue to be considered in the development of nuclear energy. This paper will carefully analyze and explore from the perspective of international law. Summing up the main fundamental principles of international law for the safe operation of nuclear energy: the sovereignty of nuclear energy and the principle of not harming the environment abroad, The principle of safety supremacy in nuclear energy operation (precautionary and protective principles, the principle of sustainable development of nuclear energy and the principle of liability for nuclear accidents, etc.), in conjunction with the relevant existing international legal regimes (radioactive material management, nuclear accidents, etc.), The international legal regime on transboundary movement of nuclear waste, for example, the relevant situation of international organizations, to clarify their shortcomings in promoting the safe operation of nuclear energy (imperfect legal provisions, weak enforcement, lack of supervision and enforcement, The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has its own shortcomings and insufficient international cooperation, and has put forward its own understanding and ideas. Finally, considering the current situation of the current legal regime for the safe operation of nuclear energy in China, it carries out an analysis and evaluation. The author also puts forward the corresponding suggestions (such as perfecting the legal system of nuclear energy safety operation in our country, clarifying the supervision and management responsibilities of the relevant departments, To perfect the system of compensation for nuclear damage and to set up the system of public intervention in order to play a small role in the process of perfecting the legal system of the safe operation of nuclear energy.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D996.9

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