论农业贸易调整援助法律制度

发布时间：2018-04-01 08:40

本文选题：农业贸易调整援助　切入点：调整价值　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国《2002年贸易法》创设了农业贸易调整援助制度,该制度成为美国贸易调整援助体系内的唯一的针对特定产业的贸易调整援助项目。与美国的制度相类似,韩国在2003年缔结其第一个自由贸易协定的时候就设立了对农民、渔民的特别援助项目。农业贸易调整援助,是指政府通过对农业生产者(参与者)提供技术、资金援助的形式,来帮助那些因国际贸易中进口农产品的冲击而遭受损害的国内农业产业,促进其进行技术调整和提高国际竞争力的一种贸易救济制度。与传统的贸易救济措施不同,农业贸易调整援助的价值重点在调整,即通过调整产业结构,提高产业竞争力,以使受进口损害的国内产业能够尽快地适应竞争。正文第一章对贸易调整援助的理论基础、政治背景、农业贸易调整援助的设立背景做出了分析。作为一种贸易调整援助的农业贸易调整援助从经济理论上讲是对自由贸易造成损害的补偿,从政治背景上将是政府为了获得快车道贸易谈判权的一种补偿物。农业贸易调整援助是一种具有贸易救济功能的援助措施,与保障措施一同采取时,往往能对产业产生更好的救济效果。从处理损害的逻辑上分析,农业贸易调整援助通过产业调整的方法来解决贸易中的问题,因而又是一种“贸易-产业政策”。正文第二章对美国与韩国的农业贸易调整援助制度进行了比较分析。援助对象范围上,韩国制度要大于美国制度,不仅包括了农业生产者还涉及了农业加工业者。援助的形式上,美国制度则显得技术更高明,主要通过技术援助和现金援助的形式调整产业;而韩国制度虽然采用了多种类的援助,但主要通过补贴和贷款的形式提供援助。在程序和获得条件方面,两国都采取了两步走的方式,即先对农产品资格认证,后对生产该产品的从业者进行援助。在资金支持方面,美国采取的财政拨款的形式,韩国则专门针对制度设立了基金,但两者都是采取对项目实施定期授权的方式运作制度。正文第三章对两国的农业贸易调整援助制度与WTO相关规则的相符性做出了分析,其中着重对农业贸易调整援助与《补贴协定》及《农业协定》的相符性做出判断。除了韩国的对生产者团体提供的援助可能成可诉补贴之外,韩国的稳定经营援助也有可能受《农业协定》下的削减承诺约束,而成为“黄箱”措施。美国的所有援助形式及韩国的其他种类援助则都不存在这样的风险。正文第四章对构建我国的农业贸易调整援助制度的必要性和可行性进行了分析,认为我国有必要也有可能建立具有中国特色的农业贸易调整援助制度,它将成为我国农业贸易法律的重要组成部分。并对提出了我国设立农业贸易调整援助制度基本框架,以及一些注意事项。
[Abstract]:The United States Trade Act of 2002 created the Agricultural Trade Adjustment Assistance system, which is the only industry-specific trade adjustment assistance program within the United States Trade Adjustment Assistance system. Korea established special assistance programs for farmers and fishermen when it concluded its first free trade agreement in 2003. Agricultural trade adjustment assistance refers to the form of technical and financial assistance provided by the government to agricultural producers (participants). To help domestic agricultural industries that have been damaged by the impact of imported agricultural products in international trade, and to promote their technological adjustment and international competitiveness, a system of trade relief, as opposed to traditional trade relief measures, The value of agricultural trade adjustment aid lies in adjustment, that is, by adjusting the industrial structure and improving the competitiveness of the industry, the domestic industries damaged by imports can adapt to the competition as soon as possible. Chapter one discusses the theoretical basis and political background of trade adjustment aid. The background of the establishment of agricultural trade adjustment aid is analyzed. As a kind of trade adjustment aid, agricultural trade adjustment aid is, in economic theory, a compensation for the damage caused by free trade. In the political context, it will be a kind of compensation for the government to obtain the right to trade negotiation in the fast track. Agricultural trade adjustment aid is a kind of aid measure with trade relief function, when it is taken together with safeguard measures, From the logical analysis of dealing with the damage, agricultural trade adjustment aid solves the problems in trade through the method of industrial adjustment, so it is a kind of "trade- industrial policy". The second chapter makes a comparative analysis of the agricultural trade adjustment aid system between the United States and South Korea. Not only the agricultural producers but also the agricultural processors. In the form of aid, the American system is more technical, mainly through the form of technical assistance and cash assistance to adjust the industry; Although the South Korean system has adopted a variety of types of assistance, it is mainly provided through subsidies and loans. In terms of procedures and access to conditions, both countries have adopted a two-step approach, that is, certification of agricultural products qualifications. In terms of financial support, the United States has adopted the form of financial allocation, while South Korea has set up a fund specifically for the system, but both operate the system in the way of regular authorization of projects. Chapter three analyzes the conformity between the agricultural trade adjustment aid system of the two countries and the relevant rules of WTO. The emphasis is on judging the conformity of agricultural trade adjustment assistance with the Agreement on subsidies and the Agreement on Agriculture. In addition to the fact that the assistance provided by Korea to producer groups may become actionable subsidies, South Korea's stable operating aid is also likely to be bound by cuts made under the Agreement on Agriculture and become a "yellow box" measure. There is no such risk in all forms of U.S. aid and other types of South Korean aid. The fourth chapter analyzes the necessity and feasibility of constructing China's agricultural trade adjustment aid system, and concludes that it is necessary and possible for China to establish the agricultural trade adjustment assistance system with Chinese characteristics. It will become an important part of the agricultural trade law of our country, and put forward the basic frame of setting up the agricultural trade adjustment and aid system in our country, as well as some matters needing attention.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D912.4

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