WTO规制下的出口补贴研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 01:03

本文选题：出口补贴　切入点：禁止性补贴　出处：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：在WTO法律制度下,与对国内补贴的“宽容”态度不同,出口补贴从一开始就受到各缔约方政府的限制或禁止,在《SCM协定》第三条更是直接将出口补贴放入了禁止性补贴的范畴。这种态度上的明显差异不仅仅是因为出口补贴使出口产品获得了一种在通常国际贸易环境下无法获得的竞争优势,更重要的是这种本不应获得的优势直接导致了不公平贸易,损害了进口方利益,是对自由贸易体制的扭曲。由于出口补贴在国际贸易中的消极作用,各缔约方在加大对出口补贴国际规制的同时,又纷纷制定反补贴法以抵消外国出口补贴对其国内产业造成的不利影响。但是,这种国内反补贴法又常常演变为事实上的非关税壁垒,从而更加阻碍国际贸易的正常发展,并对世界自由贸易体制构成威胁。正是基于此,世界贸易组织在其前身GATT成立之初就有关于出口补贴与反补贴问题的规定(GATT1947年第六条、第十六条),而且,这种对补贴规制的努力一直延续至今。在WTO制度框架下,许多制度如GATT、《补贴与反补贴措施协定》、《农产品协议》、《服务贸易总协定》和《政府采购协议》等都有关于补贴与反补贴规制的规定,但其中最全面也最重要的协议就是《补贴与反补贴措施协定》。该协议是WTO各成员方在乌拉圭回合谈判中经过激烈争论而取得的重大成果,该协议对补贴、出口补贴的定义更加明确,对出口补贴给予了更严厉的禁止；同时,规范了反补贴措施,在一定程度上防止了反补贴措施的滥用,使得WTO成立后有关补贴的案件大为减少,可以说该协定是整个WTO补贴制度的核心。所以,本文对WTO规制下的出口补贴的研究,也主要围绕着该协定展开。本文除了引言和结论之外,共分为四章：第一章：本部分主要从历史的角度对WTO有关补贴与反补贴制度予以梳理,并重点分析((SCM协定》有关补贴的规定。第二章：本部分主要研究WTO中有关禁止性出口补贴的构成要素,并在此基础上对《SCM协定》附件所列出口补贴清单予以分析。第三章：本部分主要对与禁止性出口补贴有关的WTO案例予以梳理,并在结合案例的基础上对与构成禁止性出口补贴有关的问题做进一步分析。第四章：本部分从WTO规制和实践角度分析中国在补贴问题上面临的形势,并针对我国出口补贴政策存在的问题提出自己的思考与对策。
[Abstract]:Under the legal system of WTO, export subsidies are restricted or prohibited by the governments of all parties from the beginning, which is different from the "tolerance" attitude towards domestic subsidies. In Article III of the "SCM Agreement", export subsidies are put directly into the category of prohibited subsidies.The apparent difference in attitudes is not only that export subsidies give export products a competitive advantage that is not available in the usual international trading environment, but more importantly that this undesirable advantage directly leads to unfair trade.It harms the interests of importers and distorts the free trade system.Due to the negative role of export subsidies in international trade, the parties have made countervailing laws to offset the adverse effects of foreign export subsidies on their domestic industries while increasing the international regulation of export subsidies.However, this domestic countervailing law has often evolved into a de facto non-tariff barrier, which further hinders the normal development of international trade and poses a threat to the free trade system in the world.Because of this, the WTO had regulations on export subsidies and countervailing issues at the beginning of its predecessor, GATT, and Article VI and Article XVI of GATT 1947. Moreover, the efforts of this kind of regulation on subsidies have been continued up to now.Under the framework of WTO, many systems, such as GATT, Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures, Agreement on Agricultural products, General Agreement on Trade in Services and Agreement on Government Procurement, have regulations on subsidies and countervailing measures.But the most comprehensive and important agreement is the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures.The agreement is a major result of fierce debate among the members of the WTO in the Uruguay Round, which defines subsidies and export subsidies more clearly and imposes tougher prohibitions on export subsidies.The regulation of countervailing measures prevents the abuse of countervailing measures to a certain extent and reduces the cases of subsidies after the establishment of WTO. It can be said that the agreement is the core of the whole WTO subsidy system.Therefore, the study of export subsidies under WTO regulations is mainly focused on the agreement.In addition to the introduction and conclusions, this paper is divided into four chapters:Chapter one: this part mainly combs the subsidy and countervailing system of WTO from the angle of history, and analyzes the stipulation of WTO Agreement on subsidy.Chapter two: this part mainly studies the components of prohibited export subsidies in WTO and analyzes the list of export subsidies listed in the Annex of the SCM Agreement on this basis.Chapter three: this part mainly combs the WTO cases related to prohibited export subsidies, and makes further analysis on the problems related to the constitution of prohibited export subsidies on the basis of combining cases.Chapter four: this part analyzes the situation that China faces in the issue of subsidy from the angle of WTO regulation and practice, and puts forward its own thinking and countermeasures in view of the problems existing in China's export subsidy policy.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1

【引证文献】