论条约法中的单方面声明

发布时间：2018-04-09 06:04

本文选题：单方面声明　切入点：条约　出处：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：条约作为国际法上最主要的渊源,在现代国际交往中发挥着巨大的作用。在条约实践中,单方面声明被国家或国际组织频繁使用。单方面声明指一国或国际组织单方面针对条约相关主题作出的声明,而不论其措辞或名称为何,亦不论其意图何在,其具有主体的特定性、单方行为性和名称的不固定性的特征。保留以及解释性声明等常见的声明皆属于单方面声明的范畴。国家或国际组织为了更改或排除的条约的规定亦或希望达到其他意图,会针对条约提出形形色色的单方面声明。然而,虽然单方面声明的使用十分频繁,但其理论研究则相对滞后。除保留制度的研究相对完整外,对解释性声明以及政治性声明的研究都无法满足指导实践的需要。现实中主要仍依靠国际惯例以及国际争端解决机制来调整相互关系。本文结合国际实践对单方面声明进行了详细的论述,力求填补我国对其概念研究上的空白并为我国的条约实践提供建设性的意见。文中包含了笔者诸多的创新观点,如:各类单方面声明的区分标准及方法,根据权利条款作出的单方面声明的确立,对单方面声明的反对应加以确认等。本文共四章,约三万余字。一、单方面声明概述。分析了单方面声明的概念及其特征,对其进行了分类,可以分为保留,解释性声明和政治性声明三种。本章还论证了单方面声明分类的标准及方法,介绍了其目前的研究状况及其在条约法中的重要性。二、单方面声明所适用的程序。通过对单方面声明提出的主体、时间,交存,告知,反对,撤回和修改等方面所适用程序的介绍,比较研究保留,解释性声明和政治性声明三类声明适用程序的联系和区别,为合法提出声明提供了依据。三、单方面声明的效力。从保留的效力,解释性声明的效果和政治性声明的效力三个大方面分析论证了各类声明在诸多情况下对于条约和缔约方的影响。其中还包括对保留有效与无效的情况、解释性声明无法律效力等问题的研究。四、我国单方面声明的实践与发展,概括并分析了我国自新中国成立以来的条约实践情况,并对我国提出的声明进行了总结归类。接着,本章通过对实践情况的分析,结合理论研究提出了相关建议,以求能够推动我国单方面声明实践、研究及制度建设的共同发展。
[Abstract]:As the most important source of international law, treaties play a great role in modern international communication.In treaty practice, unilateral statements are frequently used by States or international organizations."unilateral declaration" means a unilateral statement made by a State or an international organization in relation to the subject matter of a treaty, regardless of its wording or name, and regardless of its intention, having the specificity of the subject,The characteristics of unilateral behavior and the immobility of names.Common declarations, such as reservations and interpretative declarations, fall under the category of unilateral declarations.States or international organizations, in order to modify or exclude the provisions of the treaty or wish to achieve other intent, may formulate various unilateral statements in relation to the treaty.However, although the use of unilateral declarations is very frequent, its theoretical research is relatively lagging behind.Apart from the relatively complete study of the regime of reservations, neither the study of interpretative declarations nor political declarations can satisfy the need to guide practice.In reality, it still depends on international practice and international dispute settlement mechanism to adjust the relationship.This paper makes a detailed discussion on unilateral declarations in combination with international practice in order to fill in the gaps in the study of their concepts in China and to provide constructive advice for our country's treaty practice.This paper contains many innovative views of the author, such as the criteria and methods for distinguishing various unilateral declarations, the establishment of unilateral statements based on the terms of rights, and the confirmation of objections to unilateral declarations, etc.This article has four chapters, about 30,000 words.I. Overview of unilateral statements.This paper analyzes the concept and characteristics of unilateral declarations, classifies them into three categories: reservations, interpretative declarations and political declarations.This chapter also demonstrates the criteria and methods of classification of unilateral declarations, and introduces its current research status and its importance in the law of treaties.II. Procedures applicable to unilateral declarations.Through the introduction of the procedures applicable to the subject, time, deposit, communication, objection, withdrawal and modification of unilateral declarations, a comparative study of the links and differences between the application procedures of reservations, interpretative declarations and political declarations,It provides a basis for making a legitimate declaration.III. Effects of unilateral declarations.The effects of various declarations on the treaty and the contracting parties in many cases are analyzed from three aspects: the effects of reservations, the effects of interpretative declarations and the effects of political declarations.It also includes the study of the validity and invalidity of reservations and the lack of legal effects of interpretative declarations.Fourth, the practice and development of China's unilateral declarations, summarizes and analyzes the treaty practice since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and summarizes and classifies the declarations made by China.Then, through the analysis of the practice and the theoretical research, this chapter puts forward the relevant suggestions in order to promote the common development of the practice, research and system construction of unilateral statements in China.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D993.8

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