国际武器贸易中的人权责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 20:30

本文选题：国际武器贸易 + 人权责任　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际武器贸易早已有之,其对人权保护的影响,犹如一把“双刃剑”,一方面,国家通过国际武器贸易实现武器的流通,可以为国家获取武器作为人权保护的工具提供必要的保障,另一方面,不规范的武器贸易导致武器流入滥用者手中会对人权保护产生消极影响。近些年来,国际武器贸易的数量和规模不断扩大。由于缺乏全面普遍的国际法规制,不负责任的国际武器贸易活动与武器走私活动不断发生,因此,武器易于流入恐怖组织、叛乱组织手中和冲突地区,致使地区武装冲突、暴力犯罪、国内镇压和破坏人权行为的发生,这些现象引起了人权学者的关注和焦虑。不规范的国际武器贸易活动对人权的实现产生直接或间接的消极影响,究其原因,很大程度上是因为武器贸易主体在国际武器贸易中的人权责任没有得到落实。在这样的背景下,研究国家在国际武器贸易中的人权责任的内容与人权责任的承担现状,以及如何完善国际武器贸易中的人权责任承担的国际法规制,对于规范国际武器贸易有较大现实意义。从理论和实践两个层面,运用理论分析和综合研究相结合、比较分析与规范分析相结合等研究方法,首先,分析国际武器贸易中的人权责任的含义,确定国际武器贸易中的人权责任的国际法依据,指出确定国家在国际武器贸易中的人权责任的意义；其次,根据已有国际法的相关规定,分析国际武器贸易中的人权责任内容,即国际武器贸易不得侵犯生命权、自由权和人身安全权、生存权和发展权、民族自决权、国际和平和安全权等个人人权或集体人权；再次,论述国际武器贸易中的人权责任的承担主体,以及国家未承担人权责任将产生的国家责任,依次从国际层面、区域层面和国内立法层面分析国际社会规制国际武器贸易中的人权责任承担所作出的努力,并对《武器贸易条约》规范国际武器贸易中的人权责任承担的可能性作一探讨；最后,从法律制度和执行机制两个方面,对完善国际武器贸易中的人权责任的国际法规制提出了建议,即通过缔结条约或丰富人权法的方式明确规定国家在国际武器贸易的行为规范,并建立强有力的执行和监督机制,确保国家承担人权责任,以期武器输出国落实其在国际武器贸易中的人权责任,从而减少因不规范的武器贸易和非法武器贸易给国际社会带来的消极影响。
[Abstract]:The international arms trade has long existed, and its impact on the protection of human rights is like a "double-edged sword". On the one hand, States realize the circulation of weapons through the international arms trade.The acquisition of arms by States as an instrument for the protection of human rights can provide the necessary safeguards, while irregular trade in arms leads to the diversion of weapons into the hands of abusers, which can have a negative impact on human rights protection.In recent years, the number and scale of international arms trade has been expanding.As a result of the lack of comprehensive and universal rules of international law, irresponsible international arms trade and arms smuggling continue to take place, thus allowing weapons to flow easily into the hands of terrorist organizations, rebel groups and conflict areas, leading to regional armed conflicts,Violent crime, domestic repression and violation of human rights have aroused the concern and anxiety of human rights scholars.The non-standard international arms trade activities have direct or indirect negative effects on the realization of human rights. To a large extent, the reason is that the human rights responsibilities of the arms trade subjects in the international arms trade have not been implemented.In this context, the article studies the content of human rights responsibility in international arms trade and the present situation of human rights responsibility, and how to perfect the international law regulation of human rights responsibility in international arms trade.It is of great practical significance to regulate the international arms trade.From the two aspects of theory and practice, using the combination of theoretical analysis and comprehensive research, comparative analysis and normative analysis and other research methods. Firstly, the meaning of human rights responsibility in the international arms trade is analyzed.The basis of international law for determining human rights responsibilities in the international arms trade, pointing out the significance of determining the human rights responsibilities of States in the international arms trade; secondly, analysing the content of human rights responsibilities in the international arms trade in accordance with the relevant provisions of existing international law,That the international arms trade shall not infringe upon individual or collective human rights, such as the right to life, liberty and security of person, the right to survival and development, the right of peoples to self-determination, and the right to international peace and security; once again,The main body of the human rights responsibility in the international arms trade, and the national responsibility which the state does not assume the human rights responsibility, from the international level,(B) to analyse the efforts made by the international community to regulate the assumption of human rights responsibilities in the international arms trade at the regional and domestic legislative levels, and to explore the possibility of regulating human rights responsibilities in the international arms trade under the Arms Trade Treaty;Finally, from the two aspects of legal system and enforcement mechanism, some suggestions are put forward to perfect the international regulation of human rights responsibility in the international arms trade.Namely, by concluding treaties or enriching human rights law by clearly regulating the conduct of States in the international arms trade and by establishing strong enforcement and monitoring mechanisms to ensure that States are held accountable for human rights,It is hoped that the sending countries will carry out their human rights responsibilities in the international arms trade so as to reduce the negative impact of the irregular arms trade and the illegal arms trade on the international community.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D998.2

【相似文献】