生物遗传资源及相关传统知识的法律保护

发布时间：2018-04-20 07:09

本文选题：生物遗传资源 + 传统知识　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着知识经济的繁荣和生物科技的发展，获取和利用生物遗传资源及相关传统知识可得到的利益不断扩大，其现实与潜在的经济和社会价值也逐渐为人们所认识，但是随之而来的各种矛盾也日益增多。为了保护生物遗传资源的利用和可持续发展，维护遗传资源拥有国的权益，平衡生物遗传资源拥有者和资源利用者的关系，国际社会也开始探索对生物遗传资源的保护。近些年来，各种相关的国际条约、法规以及各国国内立法层出不穷，为保护生物遗传资源构建了基本的框架。但是现存的立法和保护机制还有许多不足之处，同知识产权或其他领域的国际公约和制度也存在着激烈的矛盾，对生物遗传资源及相关传统知识的保护还有待进一步发展。本文以生物遗传资源及相关传统知识的多元化保护途径为落脚点展开讨论与写作。论文主要分为六大部分。前言介绍生物遗传资源及相关传统知识的保护现状以及论文的写作意义。第一章主要内容为生物遗传资源和传统知识相关内容的概述。重点是生物遗传资源保护之权利主体与客体的界定以及传统知识的定义。第二章对生物遗传资源的保护困境和实践现状进行阐述，介绍分析生物遗传资源大国的典型立法和原则制度。第三章对现有的对生物遗传资源的保护制度如事先知情同意制度及惠益分享机制进行简略介绍。以此说明仅依靠现有制度，，特别是单纯的知识产权支撑对生物遗传资源及相关传统知识保护的不足。第四章是本文的重点，探析生物遗传资源及相关传统知识的其他保护路径，构建生物遗传资源及相关传统知识保护的法律框架。首先研究的就是该框架是应从国际法层面还是国内法层面开始建构。其次借鉴现有国际知识产权体系（以TRIPS为中心）下的地理标志进行补充保护。最后跳出国际知识产权体系，发展一种新的机制来保护生物遗传资源及相关传统知识。结语部分对全文进行总结。中国是生物遗传资源和传统知识大国，但对遗传资源以及传统知识的立法、制度等保护体系的建构尚处于起步阶段，笔者希望通过本文对我国的生物遗传保护的立法以及制度建设提供一些思路与建议，推进我国遗传资源及相关传统知识的保护和可持续发展、利用。
[Abstract]:With the prosperity of knowledge economy and the development of biotechnology, the benefits of acquiring and utilizing biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge are expanding, and their realistic and potential economic and social values are gradually recognized by people. But the contradictions that follow also increase day by day. In order to protect the utilization and sustainable development of biological genetic resources, safeguard the rights and interests of the countries in possession of genetic resources, and balance the relationship between the owners and users of biological genetic resources, the international community has also begun to explore the protection of biological genetic resources. In recent years, a variety of relevant international treaties, laws and regulations as well as domestic legislation emerge in endlessly, for the protection of biological genetic resources to build a basic framework. However, there are still many deficiencies in the existing legislation and protection mechanism, and there are also fierce contradictions with the international conventions and systems in intellectual property rights or other fields. The protection of biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge still needs to be further developed. This paper focuses on the discussion and writing of the diversified ways of protecting biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge. The thesis is divided into six parts. The foreword introduces the status quo of the protection of biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge and the significance of writing the paper. The first chapter is an overview of genetic resources and traditional knowledge. The emphasis is on the definition of the subject and object of the protection of biological genetic resources and the definition of traditional knowledge. In the second chapter, the protection dilemma and practice status of biological genetic resources are expounded, and the typical legislation and principle system of big country of biological genetic resources are introduced and analyzed. The third chapter briefly introduces the existing protection system of biological genetic resources such as prior informed consent system and benefit-sharing mechanism. This shows that the protection of biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge only depends on the existing system, especially the pure intellectual property rights. The fourth chapter is the focus of this paper, to explore the biological genetic resources and other protection routes of traditional knowledge, to build a legal framework for the protection of biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge. The first research is whether the framework should be constructed from the aspect of international law or domestic law. Secondly, using the existing international intellectual property system (TRIPS as the center) for complementary protection of geographical indications. Finally, a new mechanism to protect genetic resources and related traditional knowledge is developed out of the international intellectual property system. The conclusion part summarizes the full text. China is a large country of biological genetic resources and traditional knowledge, but the construction of the protection system of genetic resources and traditional knowledge, such as legislation and system, is still in its infancy. The author hopes to provide some ideas and suggestions for the legislation and system construction of biological genetic protection in China, to promote the protection and sustainable development of genetic resources and related traditional knowledge in China, and to utilize them.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D996.9;D997.1

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