论海洋行政体制改革中海事与海警执法权责的划分

发布时间：2018-04-20 11:53

本文选题：行政体制 + 入海口　；参考：《河北法学》2015年08期

【摘要】：国家海洋局重组后,新设的海警与海事成为海上的两大执法主体。但法律法规并未对二者的执法权责做出明确的区分。为进一步完善海事与海警的行政体制改革,在执法职责的法理基础上,应明确海事执法依据交通运输部职能所涉的公约与相关规范,针对的主要是海上交通安全与海洋防治污染等事项,而海警执法依据国土资源部、公安部职能所涉的公约与相关规范,针对的主要是海洋权益与海洋资源等事项;就入海口执法而言,海事应该作为唯一的执法主体,以节省执法资源和提高执法效率;在国际公约的履约率方面,登临权应由海警行使,紧追权应同时赋予海事与海警,海事与海警应该协同提高国际公约的履约率;此外,在国际合作上,海事更侧重于促进海上经济发展,而海警则更侧重于保障海上经济发展不被破坏。
[Abstract]:After the reorganization of the State Oceanic Administration, the new marine police and maritime law enforcement bodies become the two major maritime. However, laws and regulations do not make a clear distinction between the two law enforcement powers and responsibilities. In order to further improve the reform of the administrative system of maritime and maritime police, on the basis of the legal theory of law enforcement duties, it is necessary to clarify the conventions and relevant norms involved in maritime law enforcement in accordance with the functions of the Ministry of Transport. The maritime traffic safety and marine pollution prevention and control are mainly aimed at, while the law enforcement of marine police is based on the conventions and relevant norms of the functions of the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Public Security, and the marine rights and interests and marine resources. As far as the enforcement of the law at the sea entrance is concerned, maritime affairs should be the sole subject of law enforcement in order to save law enforcement resources and improve the efficiency of law enforcement. With regard to the compliance rate of international conventions, the right of boarding should be exercised by the marine police, and the right of tight tracking should be vested in both maritime and maritime police. In addition, in international cooperation, maritime affairs should focus more on promoting maritime economic development, while maritime police should focus more on ensuring that maritime economic development is not undermined.
【作者单位】：大连海事大学航海学院;大连海事大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科基金《中国海上行政执法模式研究》(12YJC820097) 辽宁省社科规划基金《中国参与北极事务的实施载体与策略研究》(L13DFX017)的研究成果
【分类号】：D922.1;D993.5

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