缺陷产品侵权的比较法研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 21:12

本文选题：产品缺陷 + 归责原则　；参考：《大连海事大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：缺陷产品侵权责任中的产品概念,不仅应当包括经过加工、制造的,以销售为目的的动产,未经加工的初级农产品、不动产等也应包括在内。不仅包括物质产品,也包括精神产品；不仅包括有形产品,也包括无形产品。产品缺陷关注的是产品的安全性,而产品瑕疵则注重产品的适用性。对于消费者,产品质量的适用性影响的是生存质量,产品质量的安全性却关系到生存本身,安全性显然大于重于适用性。产品缺陷的类型除了传统上的制造缺陷、设计缺陷及警示说明缺陷外,尚包括跟踪观察缺陷。从而有利于督促生产者和销售者根据最新的科技发展成果,持续追踪自己投放到市场流通中的产品,以最大限度地保障产品的安全性,尤其是对于发展风险。关于缺陷产品侵权的归责原则,应当基于危险归责理论来构建解释中国的产品责任归责,对生产者与销售者均应适用严格责任原则。同时,应当扩大解释生产者与销售者的涵义。生产者不仅包括任何将自己的姓名、名称、商标或可资识别的其他标志体现在产品上,表示其为产品制造者的人,还包括为出售、出租、转让等营业目的的“进口商”。不仅包括成品的生产者,也包括零部件、原材料的生产者。销售者除了传统的以经营为目的,通过出售方式即单纯的移转所有权的方式销售产品的人,还包括出租、融资租赁、易货贸易以及保留所有权方式的产品销售者。既包括产品的批发商,也包括产品的零售商,以及以其他方式向消费者销售产品的人。现代侵权法的功能不仅限于对现实损害的填补,而更在于对不法行为的预防和惩戒。惩罚性赔偿责任制度突破了传统民事损害赔偿制度的一般原则,具备了传统民事损害赔偿制度所不具有的功能。惩罚性赔偿制度引入侵权法,尤其是产品责任并不存在逻辑上的障碍。相反,惩罚性赔偿制度的引入恰恰能够在最大程度上发挥侵权法正义和效率的内在价值。
[Abstract]:The concept of product in tort liability of defective products should include not only the movable property which has been processed and manufactured for the purpose of sale but also the unprocessed primary agricultural product and immovable property. Not only material products, but also spiritual products; not only tangible products, but also intangible products. Product defects focus on product safety, while product defects focus on product applicability. For consumers, the applicability of product quality affects the quality of life, but the safety of product quality is related to the survival itself, and the safety is obviously greater than that of applicability. The types of product defects include, in addition to traditional manufacturing defects, design defects and warning note defects, tracking and observation defects. Therefore, it is helpful to urge producers and sellers to keep track of the products they put into the market according to the latest scientific and technological achievements, so as to ensure the safety of the products to the maximum extent, especially for the development risks. Regarding the imputation principle of defective product infringement, we should construct and explain the product liability imputation in China based on the hazard imputation theory, and apply the strict liability principle to both producers and sellers. At the same time, the meaning of producer and seller should be expanded. A producer includes not only any person who embodies his name, name, trademark or other identifiable mark on the product, but also an "importer" for the purpose of selling, leasing, transferring and other business purposes. It includes not only the producers of finished products, but also the producers of components and raw materials. In addition to the traditional business as the purpose of the sale of products through the simple transfer of ownership, but also including rental, financial leasing, barter and retention-of-title means of product sellers. It includes wholesalers of products, retailers of products, and people who otherwise sell products to consumers. The function of modern tort law is not only to fill the actual damage, but also to prevent and punish the illegal act. The system of punitive damages breaks through the general principles of the traditional system of civil damages and has a function that the traditional system of civil damages does not. Punitive damages system introduces tort law, especially product liability, there are no logical obstacles. On the contrary, the introduction of punitive damages system can maximize the value of justice and efficiency of tort law.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D997.1

【参考文献】