WTO框架下自然资源出口限制措施研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 05:36

本文选题：自然资源 + 出口限制措施　；参考：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自然资源是人社会赖以生存和发展的基础,当今世界贸易中自然资源贸易构成了国际贸易的重要组成部分。中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,一直在快速发展的同时,也向世界供应着大量的稀有矿产资源。随着这些自然资源的长期开发,其储量迅速下降,由于开发造成的环境问题也越来越受到中国的关注。目前中国开始采取措施逐步减少自然资源的开发利用,保护维持生态平衡。采取的诸多措施中包括对这些自然实行出口限制,以减少对资源的开发。然而作为WTO成员国的中国,采取出口限制措施保护资源的做法,受到其他成员国的指责。如何在WTO框架下,合理的采取的出口限制措施,保护中国的自然资源,是摆在中国面前的一个重要的问题。本文由四个部分组成。第一部分主要关注世界资源贸易的现状与存在的主要矛盾。包括自由贸易与国家对自然资源的主权之间的矛盾,以及可持续发展与自出贸易之间的矛盾。无论是GATT时期,还是WTO成立以来都不反对在自由贸易体制下保护自然资源。WTO成立以来更是强调可持续发展与自由贸易的协调。中国作为一个主权国家有权利制定自己的资源环境与贸易政策。第二部分从当前WTO规则及各成员国采取的主要出口限制措施入手,介绍几种主要可采取的保护资源的出口限制措施及WTO对这些出口限制措施的态度。第三部分,从WTO例外条款—GATT第20条的适用角度,分析了采用出口限制措施保护自然资源的条件和要求。通过前三部分的论述可以发现,在WTO框架下原则上反对出口限制措施,但有条件的允许采用出口限制措施保护资源。第四部分,从中国的国情出发,总结了近期因采取资源出口限制措施而遭遇的几起贸易争端。从这几起贸易争端出发,对中国采取出口限制措施保护资源过程中存在的问题进行了归纳。并针对存在的问题,提出对策。以期在日后采取措施保护资源的过程中,采取合理的出口限制措施减少贸易争端的出现,维护中国的国家利益。
[Abstract]:Natural resources are the basis of human society's survival and development. Nowadays, natural resources trade constitutes an important part of international trade in the world trade. As the largest developing country in the world, China has been developing rapidly and supplying a lot of rare mineral resources to the world. With the long-term exploitation of these natural resources, the reserves of these natural resources decline rapidly, and the environmental problems caused by the exploitation are paid more and more attention by China. At present, China has begun to take measures to gradually reduce the exploitation and utilization of natural resources and to protect and maintain ecological balance. Among the measures taken are export restrictions on these nature to reduce the exploitation of resources. However, China, a member of the WTO, has been criticised by other countries for taking export restrictions to protect its resources. How to take reasonable export restriction measures and protect China's natural resources under the framework of WTO is an important problem in front of China. This paper consists of four parts. The first part mainly pays attention to the present situation and the main contradiction of the world resource trade. This includes the contradiction between free trade and state sovereignty over natural resources, and between sustainable development and self-trade. No matter in the period of GATT or since the establishment of WTO, there is no objection to the protection of natural resources under the free trade system. Since the establishment of WTO, the coordination between sustainable development and free trade has been emphasized. As a sovereign state, China has the right to formulate its own resource environment and trade policy. The second part begins with the current WTO rules and the main export restriction measures adopted by each member country, and introduces several kinds of export restriction measures which can be taken to protect resources and the attitude of WTO to these export restriction measures. The third part analyzes the conditions and requirements of using export restriction measures to protect natural resources from the perspective of the application of the WTO exception clause-Article 20 of GATT. Through the discussion of the first three parts, it can be found that under the framework of WTO, export restriction measures are opposed in principle, but conditional export restriction measures are allowed to protect resources. The fourth part summarizes several trade disputes caused by resource export restriction measures from the point of view of China's national conditions. Starting from these trade disputes, this paper sums up the problems existing in the process of China taking export restriction measures to protect resources. According to the existing problems, the countermeasures are put forward. In the process of taking measures to protect resources in the future, reasonable export restriction measures should be taken to reduce the appearance of trade disputes and to safeguard China's national interests.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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