论海盗赎金的性质及风险承担问题

发布时间：2018-04-26 08:47

本文选题：索马里海盗赎金 + 单独海损　；参考：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：活跃于索马里海域的海盗不断的给过往的商船造成威胁。2008年12月16日,联合国安理会通过了1851号决议,授权各国使用海陆空力量,上岸或者利用空袭打击索马里海盗。这项决议授权各国在获取索马里政府许可的情况前提下,采用一切必要手段包括陆地或者空中力量制止海盗活动和海上武装抢劫行为。政府力量的介入一定程度上遏制了海盗行为,但因索马里海盗行为而产生的一系列国际法上的问题仍然困扰着各国学者。海盗赎金问题即是其突出的表现之一。现有资料表明,以往海盗劫持船舶基本上都是抢劫货物及船上的现有财产,并对可能对船上人员进行人身伤害,但索马里海盗呈现出不同的特征。他们仅仅扣留船只、货物和船上人员以索取相应赎金,并不对船货及船员安全造成损害。这种形式的海盗行为与现有的国际法律制度不符使得海盗赎金最后各方如何偿付及分摊成为争论焦点。本文从索马里海盗行为的差异性着手,逐步探讨解决此种赎金分摊问题的可能方式。本文正文部分分为四章。第一章主要介绍了索马里海盗行为的特点以及由此引发的相关问题。从海盗行为的定义着手,通过比较分析出索马里海盗行为的特殊性即不抢劫船舶和船上货物,而只以此为要挟勒索赎金。第二章分析了索马里海盗赎金的构成。理论上对索马里海盗赎金进行了分解,将其分割为船舶赎金、货物赎金以及人员赎金三个部分并逐一探讨各部分赎金支付的必要性,为下文的研究做铺垫。第三章针对海盗赎金的性质做了深入的剖析,将其与单独海损、共同海损以及海难救助相比较,找出它们之间的相同之处。第四章着重探讨索马里海盗赎金的可能解决方法,在现有保险法律制度基础上提出了保赔保险和政府机构承保的新构想,希望能够为索马里海盗赎金问题的解决提供理论支持。
[Abstract]:On December 16, 2008, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1851, authorizing countries to use sea, land and air power to land or use air strikes to combat Somali pirates. The resolution authorizes States, subject to the permission of the Somali Government, to use all necessary means, including land or air power, to suppress piracy and armed robbery at sea. The intervention of government forces has restrained piracy to a certain extent, but a series of problems in international law caused by Somali piracy still haunt scholars all over the world. The problem of pirate ransom is one of its outstanding manifestations. The available information shows that the hijacking of ships by pirates in the past is basically robbery of cargo and existing property on board and may cause personal injury to the persons on board, but Somali pirates have different characteristics. They simply detain ships, cargo and crew for ransom, without harming the ship's cargo and crew's safety. This form of piracy does not conform to the existing international legal system, which makes the final payment and allocation of pirate ransom become the focus of controversy. Starting from the difference of Somali piracy, this paper discusses the possible ways to solve the problem of ransom allocation. The text of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the characteristics of Somali piracy and the related problems. Starting from the definition of piracy, this paper analyzes the particularity of Somali piracy, that is, not robbing ships and ship cargo, but only using it as blackmail for ransom. The second chapter analyzes the composition of Somali pirate ransom. The ransoms of Somali pirates are decomposed into three parts: ship ransoms, cargo ransoms and personnel ransoms, and the necessity of paying ransoms is discussed one by one. Chapter three makes a deep analysis of the nature of pirate ransom, compares it with individual average, general average and salvage, and finds out the similarities between them. The fourth chapter focuses on the possible solution of Somali pirate ransom. Based on the existing insurance law system, the author puts forward a new concept of insurance and government agencies underwriting, hoping to provide theoretical support for solving the problem of Somali pirate ransom.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.19

【参考文献】