国际组织与其成员间的法律责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 18:24

本文选题：国际组织 + 法律责任　；参考：《武汉大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：国际法律人格是构成责任法上的国际组织的实质要件之一,是否具有国际法律人格也是判断一个国际组织能否独立地承担国际责任的前提条件。在学理上和实践中,都已形成了判断国际组织是否具有法律人格的标准,这些标准在不同的案例中一再被引用和重申。国际组织与其成员间的法律责任问题要受到国际组织内部法、国内法与国际法的三重调整。国际组织的规则是一个国际组织内部法的重要组成部分,前者又以宪章性文件为核心；国际组织的规则对于认定该组织是否具有独立的法律人格、能否独立地对外承担法律责任以及该组织与其成员之间的责任分担问题,都具有不可替代的地位与作用,这在欧盟与其成员国的法律责任分担问题上尤为明显。尽管,国国内法院适用该国国内法,审理国际组织与其成员间法律责任问题的一些案例已经出现,但是这样的处理方式并不足以解决国际组织的责任问题。国内法的局限性需要通过适用国际法以弥补,然而,有关国际组织责任的国际法规则仍处于形成和发展的初步阶段,在国际法上如何更好地解决国际组织与其成员间的法律责任问题仍然充满争议。 2011年,联合国国际法委员会审议通过的《国际组织的责任条款草案》为有关国际法规则、制度的发展指引了方向,也是对现有国际法相关理论与实践的一次编纂和总结。该草案在借鉴《国家责任条款草案》的基础上,全面地规定了国际组织责任的国际法规则和制度,这些一般性规则都适用于处理国际组织与其成员之间的法律责任问题。尤为值得关注的是,该草案对于国际组织内部关系、“揭开面纱”制度、成员的对外责任以及如何适用“反措施”制度等方面的尝试性创新与发展。未来国际组织责任法的发展将面临规则滞后学理、制度尚为雏形以及实践仍不丰富等多方面的挑战,而由学理导向走向规则导向、由国家导向走向国际组织导向、通过实践不断丰富、深化和完善制度则构成了其发展趋势。国际组织责任法的发展对中国的国际组织实践将产生深远的影响,这就要求中国提高责任意识、遵守国际法规则,“负责任”地参与国际组织行动以及引导国际组织“负责任"地发展。
[Abstract]:International legal personality is one of the essential elements of an international organization in the law of responsibility, and whether it has an international legal personality is also a prerequisite for judging whether an international organization can bear international responsibility independently. In theory and practice, the criteria for judging the legal personality of international organizations have been formed, which have been repeatedly cited and reiterated in different cases. The question of legal responsibility between international organizations and their members is subject to the triple adjustment of internal law, domestic law and international law. The rules of an international organization are an important part of the internal law of an international organization, the former of which is centred on a charter document; the rules of an international organization have an independent legal personality for the purpose of determining whether the organization has an independent legal personality, Whether we can bear the legal responsibility independently and share the responsibility between the organization and its members has an irreplaceable position and role, which is especially obvious in the issue of legal liability sharing between the EU and its member states. Although a number of cases have emerged in which the domestic courts of a State have applied the domestic law of that State to the question of legal responsibility between an international organization and its members, such an approach is not sufficient to resolve the question of responsibility of an international organization. The limitations of domestic law need to be remedied by the application of international law; however, the rules of international law relating to the responsibility of international organizations are still at an initial stage of formation and development, The question of how to better resolve the legal responsibility of international organizations and their members in international law remains controversial. In 2011, the draft articles on responsibility of International organizations, which were considered and adopted by the International Law Commission of the United Nations, have guided the development of relevant rules and systems of international law, and are also a codification and summary of relevant theories and practices of existing international law. On the basis of the draft articles on State responsibility, the draft comprehensively sets out the rules and regimes of international law on the responsibility of international organizations, which are applicable to the question of legal responsibility between international organizations and their members. It is of particular concern that the draft is an attempt to innovate and develop the internal relations of international organizations, the system of "lifting the veil", the external responsibility of members and how to apply the system of "countermeasures". In the future, the development of the law of responsibility of international organizations will face many challenges, such as the rule lags behind the academic theory, the system is still embryonic and the practice is still not rich, and so on, but from the theory to the rule, from the country to the international organization. Through the continuous enrichment of practice, deepening and perfecting the system constitutes its development trend. The development of the law on the responsibility of international organizations will have a profound impact on China's practice of international organizations, which requires China to enhance its sense of responsibility and abide by the rules of international law. To participate responsibly in the actions of international organizations and to guide their responsible development.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D993.9

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