WTO背景下食品安全法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 23:00

本文选题：食品安全 + SPS协议　；参考：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：如今世界经济飞速发展,食品贸易领域一直在扩大,伴随着的食品安全问题已经发展成一个全球性问题。各国为了保护自身利益,制定了许多严格的食品安全法律法规和相关的检验检疫措施,然而这种严苛的措施在一定程度上阻碍了国际贸易自由化发展进程。WTO作为最大国际组织之一,在食品安全的全球治理中也发挥着相当重要的作用。WTO为了发挥自身优势,更好地解决食品安全问题,制定了与食品安全有关的《技术性贸易壁垒协议》(简称《TBT协议》)和《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协议》(简称《SPS协议》)。本文的研究有如下四个部分:第一部分是国际贸易下食品安全问题的简单介绍,分别对食品和食品安全的定义进行说明和界定,并分析食品安全与国际贸易之间存在的密切联系和冲突,为下文进一步研究食品安全的法律问题奠定基础。第二部分是关于WTO对食品安全的法律规制。《SPS协议》中的科学依据、风险评估、符合国际标准、透明度原则对各成员国食品安全机制的形成起到了关键的作用。《TBT协议》中的食品安全技术法规和合格评定程序,也是食品安全中特别重要的规则。对这两个协议中的重点规则进行分析有助于更好地利用WTO规则来保护各国食品安全,同时也尽可能减少国际贸易当中食品安全贸易壁垒。第三部分详细分析我国在执行WTO框架下食品安全相关规则中存在的问题。我国自加入WTO以来,积极履行了 WTO有关协议义务,并结合具体国情实施了与食品安全有关的法律法规。但是,我国在履行WTO食品安全的规则方面存在着一些问题,这些问题主要是我国对国际标准的适用程度不够,风险评估机构设置不够健全,动植物检疫范围相对狭窄,透明度原则履行中的“模糊化”。第四部分主要论述针对我国在执行WTO框架下食品安全相关规则中存在的问题,提出解决的对策建议:健全我国食品安全标准体系、建立合理的食品安全风险评估制度、适当调整动植物检疫的范围,健全食品安全的信息化管理制度、充分利用WTO规则解决争端。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world economy, the field of food trade has been expanding, and the food safety problem has developed into a global problem. In order to protect their own interests, various countries have formulated many strict food safety laws and regulations and relevant inspection and quarantine measures. However, to some extent, this stringent measure has hindered the development of international trade liberalization. As one of the largest international organizations, WTO also plays a very important role in the global governance of food safety. The Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) and the Agreement on the implementation of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS Agreement) related to food safety have been formulated. This paper has four parts as follows: the first part is a brief introduction of food safety under international trade, which explains and defines the definition of food and food safety respectively. It also analyzes the close relationship and conflict between food safety and international trade, which lays a foundation for further research on the legal issues of food safety. The second part is about the legal regulation of WTO on food safety. The scientific basis of the SPS Agreement, the risk assessment, conforms to the international standards. The principle of transparency plays a key role in the formation of food safety mechanism in all member countries. The technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures of food safety in TBT Agreement are also the most important rules in food safety. The analysis of the key rules of the two agreements will help to make better use of the WTO rules to protect the food safety of all countries, and at the same time reduce the food safety trade barriers in international trade as much as possible. The third part analyzes the problems existing in the implementation of food safety rules under the framework of WTO in China. Since China's entry into WTO, China has actively fulfilled its obligations under the relevant WTO agreements, and has implemented laws and regulations related to food safety in the light of the specific national conditions. However, there are some problems in the implementation of WTO food safety rules in China. These problems are mainly due to the inadequate application of international standards, the inadequate establishment of risk assessment institutions, and the relatively narrow scope of animal and plant quarantine. Ambiguity in the implementation of the principle of transparency. The fourth part mainly discusses the problems existing in the implementation of the food safety rules under the framework of WTO in China, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions: perfecting the food safety standard system and establishing a reasonable food safety risk assessment system. Adjust the scope of animal and plant quarantine properly, perfect the information management system of food safety, make full use of WTO rules to resolve disputes.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.1

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