WTO框架下渔业补贴法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 00:26

本文选题：渔业补贴 + WTO　；参考：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：渔业资源对一国的粮食安全有着重要意义。如何保持渔业产业健康、可持续的发展,是渔业国家所共同面临的问题。以往,渔业国家大多通过提供高额的补贴来促进本国渔业产业的发展。但现在各国纷纷意识到,渔业补贴的存在,不仅扭曲国际贸易,更催生了过度捕捞的现象。渔业补贴由于没有专门的纪律约束,因而仍然受SCM协议的规范。但由于渔业这种资源的特殊性,SCM协议显然不能很好地对渔业补贴进行规范。一些国家注意到了这一现象,在多哈回合中,提出在WTO中建立专门的渔业补贴的建议。于是,渔业补贴这个议题在2002年被正式列入WTO多哈回合的谈判中。由于各成员的利益不同,对渔业补贴问题所持的立场和态度也各不相同。现在争论的焦点是如何对渔业补贴进行规范,以达到限制捕捞、养护资源的环境目的。WTO成员将会组成不同的利益团体,这些成员将会为自身和团体利益进行长时间的激烈谈判。目前为止,谈判已经进行了11年,共40多轮,交锋相当激烈,迄今,仍未达成一致的意见。但令人高兴的是,谈判进程日趋明朗化,尤其是渔业补贴文本草案和谈判路线图的提出,更令人感到谈判最终结果的达成指日可待。本论文在总结渔业补贴基本理论的基础上,采用提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路。第一部分是概述,主要介绍了渔业补贴的定义、分类以及渔业补贴与农业补贴的关系。第二部分分析了WTO现有的制度对渔业补贴的相关规定和适用问题：一是对WTO序言中规则与环境例外和渔业补贴的关系的进行了讨论；二是就SCM协议对渔业补贴的规定进行了分析,指出了其中存在的不足之处。第三部分对WTO渔业补贴谈判的进程进行了梳理和归纳,讨论了渔业补贴主要谈判立场、规范模式建议这两个谈判过程中争议的焦点问题,并对WTO渔业补贴谈判的走向进行了分析和预测。第四部分分析了渔业补贴谈判对中国的可能影响及我国的应对措施。我们认为渔业补贴存在的问题是明显的,亟待以新的专门的规范予以约束,对最终的谈判结果我们抱谨慎乐观态度,应及早做好应对措施。
[Abstract]:Fishery resources are of great significance to the food security of a country. How to maintain healthy and sustainable development of fishery industry is a common problem faced by fishery countries. In the past, fishing countries mostly provided high subsidies to promote the development of their fishery industry. But now countries are aware that the existence of fishery subsidies not only distorts international trade, but also creates overfishing. Fishery subsidies are still regulated by the SCM because they are not subject to specific discipline. However, because of the particularity of fishery resources, SCM agreement can not regulate fishery subsidies well. Some countries have taken note of this phenomenon and in the Doha Round proposed a special fishery subsidy in the WTO. As a result, the issue of fisheries subsidies was formally included in the WTO Doha Round in 2002. Because of the different interests of the members, the position and attitude on the issue of fishery subsidies are different. At present, the focus of the debate is how to regulate fishery subsidies in order to achieve the goal of limiting fishing. WTO members will form different interest groups to conserve resources. These members will conduct long and intense negotiations for their own and group interests. So far, the talks have been going on for more than 40 rounds for more than 11 years and the battle has been fierce, and so far no agreement has been reached. However, it is gratifying to note that the process of negotiations has become increasingly clear, especially with the proposed draft text on fisheries subsidies and the proposed road map for the negotiations, which makes it even more likely that the final outcome of the negotiations will be reached. On the basis of summarizing the basic theory of fishery subsidy, this paper adopts the idea of putting forward problems, analyzing problems and solving problems. The first part is an overview, mainly introduces the definition, classification of fishery subsidies and the relationship between fishery subsidies and agricultural subsidies. The second part analyzes the relevant provisions and application of the existing system of WTO on fishery subsidies: first, discusses the relationship between the rules in the preamble of WTO and environmental exceptions and fishery subsidies; Secondly, the article analyzes the regulation of fishery subsidy in SCM agreement, and points out the deficiency. In the third part, the process of WTO fishery subsidy negotiation is summarized, and the main negotiation positions of fishery subsidy are discussed. The trend of WTO fishery subsidy negotiation is analyzed and forecasted. The fourth part analyzes the possible influence of fishery subsidy negotiation on China and the countermeasures of our country. We think that the problem of fishery subsidy is obvious, it needs to be restrained by new special regulation, we are cautiously optimistic about the final negotiation result, and we should take countermeasures as soon as possible.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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