美国与《特拉特洛尔科条约》的签署

发布时间：2018-05-05 19:44

本文选题：无核区 + 《特拉特洛尔科条约》　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战初期,美苏之间的核对抗愈演愈烈,世界其它地区也爆发了一系列反对核武器、核军备竞赛和维护世界和平的运动。拉丁美洲作为一个有人居住的大洲,在该区域内建立无核区所涉及的问题无论是在政治上还是在技术上都具有极大的复杂性且进展较为缓慢,尽管困难重重,但是这一设想最终以《特拉特洛尔科条约》的签署而成为现实。自20世纪50年代提出无核区这一设想以来,其逐渐被视为一种能够抵御核危险的安全手段,是实现全面、彻底裁军的第一步。本文主要从三个方面来探讨《特拉特洛尔科条约》的建立过程以及实施情况。第一部分为拉美无核区倡议的起源,20世纪50年代以来,拉丁美洲国家开始参与到军备控制行动中,但由于冷战时期国际局势较为复杂,发挥的作用有限。但是,1962年发生的古巴导弹危机给拉丁美洲人民带来了恐惧,拉美国家开始谋求自身的安全之路。第二部分分析美国对建立拉美无核区的立场。在《特拉特洛尔科条约》的谈判过程中,美国政府内部产生了严重的分歧,但是经过肯尼迪和约翰逊两届政府对该条约的讨论与商议,美国的立场由最初的“不置一词”到支持“以美国的标准建立无核区”,发展到最后有条件的签署了条约的第二附加议定书。第三部分分析《特拉特洛尔科条约》的实施情况,尽管在实施过程中遭遇了挑战,但总体而言,《特拉特洛尔科条约》的实施效果较为良好,到1993年,拉丁美洲33个国家全部签署并批准该条约。《特拉特洛尔科条约》是区域国家组织在国际不扩散核体系尚不完善的情况下反对核武器和核扩散的产物,它对其它区域国家建立无核区并制定相关条约起到了非常重要的作用。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the Cold War, the nuclear confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union intensified, and a series of campaigns against nuclear weapons, nuclear arms race and world peace broke out in other parts of the world. As a inhabited continent, the problems involved in the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Latin America in the region are of great complexity and slow progress, both politically and technically, despite the difficulties involved, But this idea finally became a reality with the signing of the Treaty of Tlatelolco. Since the idea of a nuclear-free zone was put forward in the 1950s, it has come to be seen as a means of security against nuclear danger and as a first step towards general and complete disarmament. This paper discusses the establishment and implementation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco from three aspects. The first part is the origin of the Latin American nuclear-free zone initiative. Since the 1950s, the Latin American countries began to participate in arms control activities, but because of the complicated international situation during the Cold War, the role played by the Latin American countries is limited. But the Cuban missile crisis of 1962 brought fear to the Latin American people, and Latin American countries began to seek their own security. The second part analyzes the position of the United States on the establishment of a nuclear-free zone in Latin America. During the negotiation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, there were serious differences within the United States Government, but after the discussions and deliberations of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations on the Treaty, The position of the United States developed from the initial "no word" to the support of "the establishment of a nuclear-free zone by United States standards" to the conditional signing of additional Protocol II to the Treaty. The third part analyses the implementation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco. Despite the challenges encountered in its implementation, the implementation of the Treaty of Tlatelolco was generally effective, and by 1993, The Treaty of Tlatelolco was signed and ratified by all 33 States in Latin America. The Treaty of Tlatelolco is the product of regional organizations opposing nuclear weapons and nuclear proliferation while the international non-proliferation nuclear regime is incomplete, It has played a very important role in the establishment of nuclear-free zones and treaties by other regional countries.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.8;D871.2

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