《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》损害赔偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 06:23

本文选题：《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》 + 损害赔偿　；参考：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(下称"CISG"或“《公约》”)是国际统一合同法领域最具影响力的法律文件之一,损害赔偿是《公约》违约救济体系中最重要的违约责任承担方式。但是《公约》的条约文本身极具抽象性,部分条文甚至直接是各国妥协的产物,特别是两大法系的融合,条文本身的科学性、合理性尚存疑问。如何使《公约》抽象的条文具体适用到法律实践中,成为各国学者研究的对象。为此CISG咨询委员会意见以及联合国国际贸易法委员会秘书处都对《公约》进行了解释,以期细化较为粗略的规定来保障《公约》可以在各个缔约国能够拥有尽可能统一的实施标准。从联合国国际贸易法委员会关于《公约》判例法的汇编中,可以发现各国不可避免地有其各自特有的法律规定和做法。所以在实践操作中经常出现不同地点不同法院或仲裁委对损害赔偿问题认定不一的情况。本文将对各国的理论和实践操作做一梳理,在此基础上来探讨相关法律问题的现状以及发展的趋势。本文采用了比较的方法以及条文、案例分析的方法,得出相应的比较结论。具体而言,文章分为四个部分。第一章研究了违约损害赔偿的性质。《公约》下的损害赔偿的性质应是补偿性的。基于补偿性质,损害赔偿可以与其他违约救济措施兼得。损害赔偿的兼得性是《公约》调和两大法系冲突的一个结果。第二章分析了《公约》损害赔偿救济的原则。《公约》第74条规定的是损失的全部赔偿原则,但是为了防止其漫天要价致使违约方背负过于沉重的负担,平衡双方的权利义务,对于损害赔偿的限制就是通过损失确定性以及预见性的规定实现的。基于当事人意思自治原则,当事人可以自由地对赔偿损害制定议定赔偿条款,但是要注意与罚款的区别。第三章关于损害赔偿救济的一般规则。损害赔偿的一般规则主要是损害赔偿的责任构成问题。《公约》采纳严格责任原则,与英美法相同。在《公约》框架内损害赔偿的责任范围包括受害一方违反合同遭受的实际损失和利润损失。在常见的国际贸易索赔要求中,《公约》支持机会损失、非物质性权益失和汇率损失赔偿,对律师费的赔偿应由国内法调整。第四章探讨了损害赔偿制度的具体适用。关于合同解除之后损害赔偿的计算,《公约》规定了抽象计算与具体计算两种方法。在具体使用时,应注意对合同宣告无效情形、合理的替代交易、时价的认定标准。对于损害赔偿还有一个重要限制即减轻损失义务,其措施的合理性判断也受到时间和方式两个因素的影响。
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods (hereinafter referred to as "CISG" or "Convention") is one of the most influential legal documents in the field of international uniform contract law, Compensation for damages is the most important way to bear liability for breach of contract in the relief system of breach of contract. However, the treaty text of the Convention itself is extremely abstract, and some of the articles are directly the product of compromise among countries, especially the fusion of the two legal systems. The scientific nature and rationality of the articles themselves remain in doubt. How to apply the abstract provisions of the Convention to the practice of law and become the object of study by scholars of all countries. For this reason, the CISG Advisory Board opinion and the secretariat of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law have interpreted the Convention, In order to detail the rough provisions to ensure that the Convention can have as uniform implementation standards as possible in each Contracting State. From the compilation of UNCITRAL case law on the Convention, it can be found that States inevitably have their own unique legal provisions and practices. Therefore, in practice, different courts or arbitration commissions in different places often hold different opinions on the issue of compensation for damages. In this paper, the theory and practice of various countries will be combed, on the basis of which to explore the current situation of the relevant legal issues and the trend of development. In this paper, the method of comparison and the method of case analysis are adopted, and the corresponding conclusion is drawn. Specifically, the article is divided into four parts. The first chapter studies the nature of damages for breach of contract. The nature of damages under the Convention should be compensatory. Based on the nature of compensation, damages can be obtained with other remedies for breach of contract. The compensation for damages is a result of the conflict between the two legal systems. The second chapter analyzes the principles of compensation and relief for damages under the Convention. Article 74 of the Convention provides the principle of compensation for all losses, but in order to prevent the excessive burden on the breaching party caused by its excessive asking price, it balances the rights and obligations of both parties. The limitation of damages is realized by the rules of loss certainty and predictability. Based on the principle of party autonomy, the parties are free to make an agreed compensation clause for damages, but pay attention to the difference from the fine. The third chapter deals with the general rules of compensation for damages. The general rule of compensation for damages is mainly the question of liability for damages. The Convention adopts the principle of strict liability, which is the same as that of Anglo-American law. The scope of liability for damages within the framework of the Convention includes actual loss and loss of profit suffered by the aggrieved party in breach of contract. In common international trade claims, the Convention supports loss of opportunity, loss of non-material rights and interests and exchange rate loss. Compensation for legal fees should be adjusted by domestic law. Chapter four discusses the application of damage compensation system. As for the calculation of damages after the termination of contract, the Convention provides two methods of abstract calculation and concrete calculation. In the specific use, we should pay attention to the invalidation of contract, reasonable substitute transaction and the standard of determining the current price. There is also an important limitation to the compensation of damages, that is, the duty to mitigate the loss, and the rationality of the measures is also affected by two factors: time and mode.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.1;D997.1

【相似文献】