国际原子能法框架研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 20:07

本文选题：国际 + 原子能　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：国际原子能法可否作为国际法一个分支来研究?这个问题还没有一个确切的答案。核能利用自1945年始用于军事,在科技发展史上仅经历六十多年,却已引起人类对安全的忧虑,同时也看到能源的希望。人类在削减核武器和防范核扩散的努力中,谨慎而又无可阻挡地推动核能和平利用来造福社会。核能利用对军事实力、国际形势、科技发展和工业应用所带来的革命性影响超过目前其它技术应用可能达到的水平。科技革命和国际形势发展迫切需要建立新的国际规则来迎接新的机遇和挑战。建立这个规则的需求从联合国成立之初就成为热点问题,最初成果就是联合国原子能委员会的登场。而核能规制相关国际法律从上个世纪50年代末开始,不断地提醒世界各国在战争与和平,发展与安全的选择下,该如何对待核能这个充满魅力同时又带来危险感的新技术。五十多年来,具有广泛影响力的《不扩散核武器条约》、《全面禁止核试验条约》和《核安全条约》等五十多个核能利用相关国际条约陆续缔结,还有大量的核能双边协议、国际核安全标准和导则等文件接踵诞生,人类对核能利用的规制持续不断,以应对不断产生的新的问题。本文试图从国际法的角度,对整个核能利用的国际法律制度,以“国际原子能法”的命名,做一次尝试性、框架性的研究。全文按总、分结构,从内涵的分析和到外延的展示,勾画出国际原子能法的基本轮廓。导论部分是对本文命题的诠释。提出命题,阐述现状,表明思路,规划结构,同时预示本项研究的理论创新和现实意义。总则包括渐进展开的四章。第一章从核科技概念的引入到社会意义上核能利用国际关系的展开,权衡核能利用的利与弊,希望与困惑,收益与风险,说明核能利用国际关系是极具战略意义的国际社会关系。第二章从传统的国际法研究维度将国际原子能法概念分化解读,分别阐述其定义、渊源、特点和原则、制定和实施。继而与其它国际法的分支法相比较,结合上述属性,提出将国际原子能法作为国际法的分支法研究的理论依据。第三章是对国际原子能法的法律主体进行解析,除了明确国家的权力、义务和责任,着重分析国际组织和“人”的主体特殊性。第四章是对本文选题之回应,提出国际原子能法三分法的框架结构,即国际原子能组织法、国际核不扩散法和国际核能和平利用法的分类方式。并对国际原子能法研究对象进行概要介绍。分则系平行独立的三章,第五章到第七章分别对国际原子能组织法、国际核不扩散法和国际核能和平利用法的构成、定义、子目和重要核能国际法律的概要介绍,将国际原子能法的分类展示清楚。结论得出:法律界应当建立和完善国际原子能法的国际法学研究。本文的两个附件是国际原子能法条约列表和国际原子能法相关大事记,直观介绍该领域的国际法律总括和历史进程。
[Abstract]:Can the International Atomic Energy Law be studied as a branch of international law? There is no exact answer to this question. The use of nuclear energy has been used since 1945, only more than 60 years in the history of science and technology, but it has caused concern for human security and the hope of energy. Human beings are cutting nuclear weapons and preventing nuclear proliferation. The revolutionary impact of nuclear energy on military strength, the international situation, the development of science and technology and industrial applications is more revolutionary than the possible levels of other technology applications. The technological revolution and international development are urgently needed to establish new international rules. To meet new opportunities and challenges, the demand for this rule has become a hot issue at the beginning of the founding of the United Nations. The initial result was the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission, which began in the late 50s of last century, constantly reminding the countries of the world in the choice of war and peace, development and security. For more than fifty years, more than 50 international nuclear energy use related treaties, such as the Treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons, the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the nuclear safety treaty, have been concluded in succession, and there are a large number of bilateral agreements on nuclear energy and international nuclear safety standards. And guidelines and other documents came into being. The regulation of the use of nuclear energy by human beings continued to cope with new problems.
This article attempts to make a tentative and framework study on the international legal system of the whole nuclear energy utilization and the naming of the "International Atomic Energy Law" from the perspective of international law. The text outlines the basic outline of the International Atomic Energy Law in accordance with the general and sub structure, from the analysis of the connotation and to the display of the extension.
The introduction is the interpretation of the proposition. It puts forward the proposition, expounds the present situation, indicates the train of thought and the planning structure, and predicts the theoretical and practical significance of the research.
The general principle includes four chapters. The first chapter, from the introduction of the concept of nuclear science and technology to the social significance of nuclear energy use international relations, weighs the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy utilization, hopes and puzzles, profits and risks, and shows that the international relations of nuclear energy use is a very strategic international social relationship. The second chapter is from the traditional international law research dimension. The definition, the origin, the characteristics and the principles of the International Atomic Energy Law are interpreted and interpreted respectively. Then, it is compared with the branch law of other international laws, and combines the above attributes, and puts forward the theoretical basis for the study of the International Atomic Energy Law as a branch of international law. The third chapter is the legal subject of the International Atomic Energy Law. In addition to defining the powers, obligations and responsibilities of the state, the analysis focuses on the analysis of the subject particularity of the international organization and the "man". The fourth chapter is the response to the topic of this article, and puts forward the framework of the International Atomic Energy Law (IAEA), namely the International Atomic Energy Organization Law, the international nuclear non-proliferation law and the international nuclear and flat profit usage. The research object of atomic energy method is briefly introduced.
The sub rules are parallel and independent three chapters, and the fifth to the seventh chapter respectively introduces the International Atomic Energy Organization Law, the international nuclear non-proliferation law and the international nuclear energy and the use of nuclear energy, the definition, sublist and the international law of nuclear energy. The classification of International Atomic Energy Law is clearly demonstrated. The conclusion is that the legal community should establish and improve the international original. The international jurisprudential study of the law of sub energy.
The two annex of this article is the list of International Atomic Energy Law Treaties and international atomic energy law related memorabilia.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D999.2

【参考文献】