贿赂案件的证据制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 03:17

本文选题：贿赂案件 + “一对一”证据　；参考：《甘肃政法学院》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过对有关贿赂案件的证据制度分析之后,搜集了大量相关论文和资料,在认真研读后发现,多数论文对这个问题的论述流于表面,甚少从深层次分析贿赂案件证据规则,多数文章对相关问题的论述较为陈旧并存在一定程度的残缺,缺乏创新性和完整性。同时,由于将视角仅仅停留在我国刑事立法的范围之内,这就使得对贿赂犯罪中可能产生的一系列法律问题的解决难以取得实质性突破。基于这种认识,本人试图寻找一种视角,能够较为全面的认识贿赂案件中的证据问题,同时,希望能够超越我国刑事立法的范围,结合《联合国反腐败公约》,寻找出解决相关问题的办法,以使我国对贿赂案件证据制度的研究更具有实践意义和可操作性。本选题的研究方法主要选择了比较方法,同时结合个案分析和实证调查研究的方法。通过比较的方法,了解国际上对待贿赂案件证据调查和收集的态度和基本做法,进而认识到我国刑事证据制度的不完善之处,提出对贿赂案件中证据问题的解决应当以我国刑事证据法的规定为核心,同时,应当超越我国刑事证据法的规定,结合《联合国反腐败公约》,寻找到相对完整、具有层次性的解决方案,为我国刑事证据立法的完善寻找更合理、更科学的思路和方案。通过个案分析和实证调查研究方法的运用,结合我国司法实践中贿赂案件在证据方面存在的具体问题,提出具有可操作性的适用对策。在认真分析了学者们已有的成果基础上,经过导师的悉心指导和修改,确定了本人研究贿赂案件证据问题的主要内容和观点。首先,从贿赂案件自身的特殊性出发对其证据的形式和特点进行认识和分析。由于贿赂案件一般被界定为高智商犯罪,且有罪证据少,从证据法的角度看,贿赂案件的证据具有区别于一般证据的特殊性。其次,针对贿赂案件证据的收集问题展开研究。贿赂案件的证据收集问题已是长期困扰我国司法实践的一项难题,本文将从司法实践中存在的具体问题出发,为贿赂案件证据的收集提供一条切实可行的路径。最后,结合《联合国反腐败公约》,设计出一个较为完整的贿赂案件证据制度框架。贿赂案件证据制度研究的重点有二,一是贿赂案件证据的收集和固定,二是试图寻找一个科学的证明标准。其中第二个问题也是研究的难点。本文从上述两个重点问题上进行突破。首先,在贿赂案件的证据证明模式上打破严格的“印证证明”。在判断证据认定事实时,对证据间的相互印证作十分严格的要求,否则就被认为证据不足,这是一种很高的证明标准。然而,这样高的标准在实践中往往难以达到。尤其是贿赂这类“一对一”的案件,更难以获得印证性证据,从而导致在实践中,即使有一定的旁证,也有行贿人的供述,但如果没有受贿人的印证,即关键的“一对一”情节,法官也不敢判决受贿成立。因此,本文提出在贿赂案件的证明标准上,打破严格的“印证证明”模式,找出在贿赂案件中“证据确实、充分”标准存在的问题,借鉴“排除合理怀疑”与“内心确信”标准,以形成更为科学有效的证明标准。其次,分析贿赂推定、污点证人、被告人承担举证责任等特殊证据规则,结合我国立法及司法实践,构建我国关于贿赂案件的特殊证据制度确立污点证人制度。《联合国反腐败公约》第37条的规定给我国证据立法的重要启示,就是建立“污点证人”制度。由于贿赂犯罪的行为方式十分隐蔽,且贿赂犯罪的口供取证非常困难,受贿一方有相当的文化程度和一定的法律知识以及丰富的社会阅历,反侦查能力强,而行贿一方往往是弱势的,具有一定的被迫性,因而,确立上述特殊证据规则很有现实必要性。
[Abstract]:After analyzing the evidence system of the bribery cases, this paper has collected a large number of relevant papers and materials. After careful study, it is found that most of the papers discuss the problem on the surface, and seldom analyze the rules of evidence in the case of bribery. Most of the articles are old and incomplete to the related questions. At the same time, it is difficult to make a substantial breakthrough in the solution of a series of legal problems that may arise in the crime of bribery. Based on this understanding, I try to find a kind of perspective, which can be more fully aware of bribery cases. At the same time, we hope to surpass the scope of our country's criminal legislation and combine the United Nations Convention against corruption to find ways to solve the related problems so that the study of the evidence system of bribery cases is more practical and operable.
The research methods of this topic choose the comparative method, and combine the method of case analysis and empirical investigation. Through the comparative method, we know the attitude and basic practice of the evidence investigation and collection in the international bribery cases, and then realize the imperfections of the criminal evidence system in our country, and put forward the evidence of the bribery cases. The solution should take the provisions of the criminal evidence law of our country as the core. At the same time, we should go beyond the provisions of the criminal evidence law of our country and combine the United Nations Convention against corruption to find a relatively complete and hierarchical solution to find more reasonable and scientific ideas and plans for the perfection of the legislation of criminal evidence in our country. The application of empirical research methods, combined with the specific problems of evidence in bribery cases in China's judicial practice, puts forward some applicable countermeasures.
On the basis of careful analysis of the achievements of the scholars, through the careful guidance and revision of the tutor, the main contents and views of the evidence of the bribery case are determined. First, the form and characteristics of the evidence are understood and analyzed from the particularity of the bribery case. From the angle of evidence law, the evidence of bribery cases has the particularity that is different from the general evidence. Secondly, to study the collection of evidence in bribery cases. The problem of collecting evidence in bribery cases has been a difficult problem that has plagued our judicial practice for a long time. This article will be from the judicial practice. It provides a practical path for the collection of evidence in bribery cases. Finally, a more complete framework of evidence system for bribery cases is designed in combination with the United Nations Convention against corruption.
There are two key points in the study of evidence system in bribery cases, one is the collection and fixation of evidence in bribery cases, and the two is trying to find a scientific proof standard. Second of them are also the difficulties of the study. This article breaks through the above two key issues. First, it breaks the strict "certification" in the evidence proof model of bribery cases. It is a very high standard of proof that the evidence is very strict with each other when it is judged by the evidence that the evidence is identified, otherwise it is a high standard of proof. However, such a high standard is often difficult to achieve in practice. In practice, even if there is a certain circumstantial testimony, there are also the confession of the briber, but if there is no acceptance of the bribe, that is, the key "one to one" plot, the judge does not dare to judge the acceptance of the bribe. Therefore, this article puts forward to the proof standard of the bribery case to break the strict "proof of proof" model and find out the evidence in the bribery case. Indeed, the standard existing in the standard is sufficient to draw lessons from the standard of "eliminating reasonable doubt" and "inner conviction" to form a more scientific and effective standard of proof. Secondly, it analyses the special evidence rules such as bribery presumption, taint witness, the defendant bear the burden of proof and so on, and constructs our country's special bribery cases in combination with the legislative and judicial practice of our country. The special evidence system establishes the system of the tainted witness. The thirty-seventh article of the United Nations Convention against corruption provides an important revelation to our country's evidence legislation. It is the establishment of the "tainted witness" system. Because the behavior of the bribery crime is very concealed, and the confession of the bribery crime is very difficult, the bribe one has a considerable cultural degree and a certain law. The law knowledge and the rich social experience, the anti investigation ability is strong, but the bribery one is often weak and has certain compelled. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the above special evidence rules.

【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.9;D925.23

【参考文献】