国际刑法中战争罪构成要件探析

发布时间：2018-05-14 04:06

本文选题：战争罪 + 构成要件　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：战争罪长期以来被认为是最严重的国际罪行之一,其危害的是不特定的多数人、国家或者民族的安全,战争罪甚至会危害到整个国际社会的和平安定以及人类的发展。在当今的区域冲突中,违反战争法则和习惯从而犯有战争罪行的案件和事例也不少见。对于战争犯罪,世界各国都是不能容忍的,且一直强烈谴责和反对,国际法律文件也明确规定要打击和制裁这种罪行。战争罪是指严重破坏1949年《日内瓦公约》和严重破坏四项《日内瓦公约》的共同第3条行为,并在国际法的既定范围内适用国际性武装冲突、非国际性武装冲突中的法规与惯例的其他行为。其条文化和法典化始于1949年8月12日签订的“日内瓦公约”。它是国际刑事法院管辖的四种核心罪行之一。战争罪由主体要件、行为要件、心理要件三个要件构成。国家作为国际法中的“责任主体”和国际社会的“法人”实体,拥有自己的自由意志和行为,具有犯罪的意图和承担刑事责任的能力,可以构成战争罪的主体,国际法的性质和国家主权平等并非国家承担刑事责任的障碍。《国际刑事法院罗马规约》及其附件《犯罪要件》,都对于战争罪的行为要件和心理要件进行了具体规定。本文通过对战争罪构成的研究和探讨,以促进国际社会对战争罪犯的惩治、预防和禁止,从而维护国际社会的公共秩序和全人类的根本利益。各国刑法对战争罪的规定较少,战争罪构成的理论研究还很薄弱,虽然现在已经有学者在关注战争罪,但是还没有关于战争罪构成这方面的专著问世,法学界还应加强对战争罪构成的研究。
[Abstract]:War crimes have long been regarded as one of the most serious international crimes, which endanger the security of many people, countries or nations. War crimes even endanger the peace and stability of the international community as a whole and the development of mankind. In today's regional conflicts, war crimes are committed in violation of the laws and customs of war. War crimes are intolerable and strongly condemned and opposed by all countries in the world, and international legal documents clearly stipulate that these crimes should be dealt with and punished. War crimes mean common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the four Geneva Conventions, and the application of international armed conflicts within the established scope of international law, Other acts of law and practice in non-international armed conflicts Its culture and codification began with the Geneva Conventions, signed on 12 August 1949. It is one of the four core crimes within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. War crime consists of three elements: subject, behavior and psychology. As the "subject of responsibility" in international law and the "legal person" entity of the international community, a State has its own free will and conduct, has the intention to commit a crime and has the capacity to assume criminal responsibility, and can constitute a subject of war crimes. The nature of international law and the sovereign equality of States are not obstacles to the criminal responsibility of the state. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and its annex, elements of crimes, all contain specific provisions on the elements of conduct and psychology of war crimes. Through the research and discussion on the constitution of war crimes, this paper aims to promote the punishment, prevention and prohibition of war criminals in the international community, so as to safeguard the public order of the international community and the fundamental interests of all mankind. There are few provisions on war crimes in the criminal laws of various countries, and the theoretical research on the composition of war crimes is still very weak. Although some scholars are already paying attention to war crimes, there is no monograph on war crimes constitution. Legal circles should also strengthen the study of the constitution of war crimes.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D997.9

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