论SCM协定中严重侵害的认定

发布时间：2018-05-19 02:32

本文选题：补贴 + 可诉性补贴　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自2004年以来,各国对中国发起了五十多起反补贴调查,作为威慑和回应,中国也对美国等国家和地区发起了四起反补贴调查,在这种形势下,更好地了解国际反补贴规则,维护我国的利益成为一个重要的问题。根据WTO《补贴与反补贴措施协定》(以下简称SCM协定),补贴造成了不利影响是对可诉性补贴采取反补贴措施的必要条件。不利影响有三种情形：国内产业的损害、利益的丧失或减损、严重侵害。虽然SCM协定第6条对严重侵害的认定做出了全面的规定,但因条文中使用了较多的模糊性概念等因素,严重侵害的认定在实践中颇为复杂,而WTO在实践中对相关问题进行了一些分析,欧美等国也积累了相关的实践经验。本文共分为三章,第一章结合WTO的裁决,归纳出了严重侵害的含义及几个特征,再从历背景的角度,分析WTO有关严重侵害规定的产生和发展历程,探析其深刻内涵,即严重侵害本质上属于一个成员通过授予可诉性补贴在补贴实施方或其它方市场上对另一个成员的相似产品在价格、市场地位、销售情况等市场状况方面造成的不利影响。第二章对WTO相关案件的裁决进行了归纳分析,详细论述了WTO实践中对严重侵害认定相关实体规则的分析。具体而言,先归纳了WTO实践中对严重侵害的认定分析路径,再以此为线索,对SCM协定第6条第3款规定的严重侵害的四类情形进行一一分析,着重突出对“相似产品”、“市场”、“因果关系”、“取代或阻碍”、“价格抑制”等关键词的分析。文章第三部分的程序规则研究了严重侵害的信息搜集程序。SCM协定给予了各成员国协助专家组搜集与严重侵害有关信息的强制义务,但对于第三国承担的该项义务,有一定限制。这项程序的进行,主要由指定代表完成,且指定代表对于信息搜集中的相关事项有独立决定权,专家组无权干涉。SCM协定对信息搜集程序中商业秘密保护、反向推断等问题规定得不明确,但实践中已有一些值得学习的经验。
[Abstract]:Since 2004, various countries have launched more than 50 countervailing investigations against China. As a deterrent and response, China has also launched four countervailing investigations against the United States and other countries and regions. Under this situation, we should better understand the international countervailing rules. Safeguarding the interests of our country has become an important issue. According to the WTO Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures (hereinafter referred to as SCM Agreement), the adverse effects of subsidies are the necessary conditions for taking countervailing measures on actionable subsidies. There are three kinds of adverse effects: damage to domestic industry, loss or loss of benefits, and serious infringement. Although Article 6 of the SCM Agreement provides comprehensive provisions for the determination of serious violations, due to the use of many fuzzy concepts and other factors in the articles, the determination of serious violations is quite complicated in practice. WTO has made some analysis on the related problems in practice, and some countries such as Europe and America have accumulated relevant practical experience. This article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, combined with the ruling of WTO, sums up the meaning and several characteristics of serious infringement, then from the perspective of historical background, analyzes the emergence and development of the provisions of serious infringement of WTO, and analyzes its profound connotation. That is, serious infringement is essentially the adverse effect of one member on the price, market position and sales of similar products of another member in the market of the subsidy implementing party or other party by granting actionable subsidies. The second chapter summarizes and analyzes the decision of WTO related cases, and discusses in detail the analysis of the substantive rules related to the serious infringement in the practice of WTO. Specifically, the paper first summarizes the analysis path of serious infringement in the practice of WTO, and then uses it as a clue to analyze the four categories of serious infringement as stipulated in paragraph 3 of Article 6 of the SCM Agreement, with emphasis on "similar products". Analysis of keywords such as "market", "causality", "substitution or hindrance", "price suppression", etc. In the third part of the article, the procedure of collecting information for serious infringement is studied. SCM Agreement gives member States the compulsory obligation to assist the expert group to collect information related to serious infringement, but there are certain restrictions on the obligation assumed by third countries. This procedure is mainly carried out by the designated representative, and the designated representative has an independent decision on the relevant matters in the collection of information. The panel of experts has no right to interfere with the protection of trade secrets in the information-gathering procedure under the SCM Agreement. Reverse inference and other issues are not clearly defined, but in practice there are some experience worth learning.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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