国际贸易中的技术性贸易壁垒探析

发布时间：2018-05-19 04:43

本文选题：技术性贸易壁垒 + 《技术性贸易壁垒协议》　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1978年十一届三中全会,改革开放已经走过了34个年头,改革开放使我国经济社会各个方面发生了翻天覆地的变化,取得了举世瞩目的成就,其中对外贸易的繁荣是一大亮点。据海关总署统计,计入世贸组织十年以来,我国进出口总值年均增长20%以上,海关税收2010年是2001年入世之初的5倍。英国研究机构经济商业研究中心目前公布的年度世界经济排名显示,我国已经超越日本,成为世界上仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体,是世界第一大出口国和第二大进口国。但是我们也应该看到,2008年世界金融危机造成国际金融市场动荡,世界经济复苏放缓,国际贸易发展疲软的后续的影响依旧存在。各国尤其是受金融危机影响较大的国家为了刺激新的经济增长点,扩大内需,大多了采取限制、减少进口的措施。这个时候,非关税壁垒开始盛行。作为出口大国,我国的对外贸易遭受了很多国家的非关税壁垒,严重影响了我国产品进入国际市场尤其是发达国家的市场。鉴于我国频频遭受国外技术性贸易壁垒的现状,本文对技术性贸易壁垒的相关问题做了一些初步的研究,希望能够为我国国际贸易的发展提供一点点借鉴。全文共分了四个部分,以技术性贸易壁垒为核心,第一部分着重介绍了技术性贸易壁垒的基本认识。首先是技术性贸易壁垒的基本概念；接着阐述了技术性贸易壁垒产生发展的复杂背景；按照WTO《技术性贸易壁垒协议》规定将技术性贸易壁垒分为技术法规、技术标准和合格评定程序三种表现形式；最后简单提及了技术性贸易壁垒的主要特点,对其以后的发展趋势作了预测。第二部分对欧盟、美国和日本等发达国家和地区的技术性贸易法律体系及其应对机制作了详细的分析,因为这些国家和地区作为我国主要的对外贸易相对方,是我国所受技术性贸易壁垒的主要来源国,而且他们的贸易壁垒法律体系和应对机制都很发达,能很好地为其本国贸易发展服务,值得我国借鉴。第三部分介绍了WTO《技术性贸易壁垒协议》的相关内容。第四部分文章回归到我国遭受的技术贸易壁垒的现状和应对策略。此部分分析了我国屡屡遭受贸易壁垒的现状、影响、原因和企业及政府的应对策略。最后是结语。
[Abstract]:Since the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee in 1978, the reform and opening up has gone through 34 years. The reform and opening up has brought about tremendous changes in all aspects of China's economy and society, and made remarkable achievements, among which the prosperity of foreign trade is a bright spot. According to the statistics of the General Administration of Customs, the total value of China's imports and exports has increased by more than 20 percent annually since the entry into the WTO ten years ago, and the customs revenue in 2010 was five times that of the beginning of WTO entry in 2001. According to the annual world economic ranking released by the Center for Economic and Commercial Research, a British research institution, China has surpassed Japan as the world's second largest economy after the United States, and is the world's largest exporter and second largest importer. But we should also see that the subsequent impact of the 2008 world financial crisis on international financial markets, the slowdown in the world economic recovery and the weak development of international trade still exists. In order to stimulate new economic growth and expand domestic demand, countries, especially those affected by the financial crisis, have mostly taken measures to restrict and reduce imports. At this time, non-tariff barriers began to prevail. As a big export country, China's foreign trade has suffered from non-tariff barriers in many countries, which has seriously affected the entry of our products into the international market, especially in developed countries. In view of the fact that our country frequently suffers from the foreign technical barriers to trade, this paper makes some preliminary research on the technical barriers to trade, hoping to provide a little reference for the development of our international trade. The paper is divided into four parts, with TBT as the core. The first part focuses on the basic understanding of TBT. First is the basic concept of technical barriers to trade, and then expounds the complex background of the development of technical barriers to trade. According to the WTO Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade, technical barriers to trade are divided into technical regulations. In the end, the main characteristics of TBT are briefly mentioned, and its future development trend is forecasted. The second part makes a detailed analysis of the legal system of technical trade in developed countries and regions, such as the European Union, the United States and Japan, and its response mechanism, because these countries and regions are the main counterparts of China's foreign trade. TBT is the main country of origin of TBT in China, and their legal system and coping mechanism of TBT are well developed and can serve for the development of their own trade, which is worthy of our country's reference. The third part introduces the WTO Agreement on Technical barriers to Trade. The fourth part of the article returns to our country suffered the technical trade barrier present situation and the countermeasure. This part analyzes the current situation, the influence, the reasons and the countermeasures of the enterprises and the government. The last is the conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.1

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