关于《内罗毕国际残骸清除公约》水域适用范围的研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 06:12

本文选题：内罗毕公约 + 领海及内水　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：一直以来,残骸清除打捞是困扰各沿岸国的一个大难题,尤其是在清除费用的追偿、责任主体的认定等问题上世界各国存在着各种分歧,长期以来并没有一个统一的国际公约来规范。1996年在IMO第73次会议上第一次提出了《残骸清除公约草案》,后于2007年5月在内罗毕召开的外交会议上决议并通过了该《公约》,2015年4月14日自丹麦成为第十个缔约国的一年以后,2007年《内罗毕国际残骸清除公约》正式生效。我国交通运输部也在2016年12月30日发布了《公约》将于2017年2月11日在我国生效的公告,全世界的残骸清除形势将会被改写。但是《公约》规定适用的范围是一国的专属经济区,对于领海是进行"原则加选择性适用"的规则,鉴于我国对于残骸清除的国内法目前处于混乱状态,法律数目繁多,位阶层次不清,适用法律困难,法律规定落后等等问题,在我国宣布《公约》适用之后,专属经济区的问题可以迎刃而解,但是我国的领海及内水仍然残存很多亟待解决的问题。笔者通过查阅多方资料,探究《公约》在IMO法律委员会的制定过程,从《公约》的制定过程出发,列举了《公约》在制定过程中部分缔约国不同的立场观点,然后主要探究了《公约》适用专属经济区对我国的影响,分析《公约》中"原则加选择性适用"的规则机制,对比了如果扩大适用到领海及内水之后的被保留的规定以及未保留的规定,并且探讨了两种类规定分别可能产生的影响,其中最主要的是对主权是否会产生不利影响,后来大胆假设如果我国将《公约》扩大适用之后会对我国的海事主管机关、航运企业、保险公司以及沉船沉物打捞企业会产生怎样的利弊影响,最后结合我国的立法现状,如果扩大适用之后我们应该在哪方面做出改变,以及即使不扩大适用我们应该采取什么措施,最后分析得出关于《公约》可以扩大适用至领海及内水的结论。
[Abstract]:For a long time, debris removal and salvage has been a major problem for coastal states. In particular, there are various differences in the world over the recovery of removal costs, the identification of the responsible parties, and so on. There has long been no uniform international convention to regulate it. The draft wreckage removal convention was first presented at the IMO 73rd meeting in 1996, and was adopted at a diplomatic conference held in Nairobi in May 2007. The Nairobi Convention on Wreck removal came into force in 2007, one year after Denmark became the tenth party to the Convention on April 14, 2015. China's Ministry of Transport also announced on December 30, 2016 that the Convention will enter into force in China on February 11, 2017, and the world's debris removal situation will be rewritten. However, the scope of application of the provisions of the Convention is the exclusive economic zone of a State and the rule of "principle plus selective application" for the territorial sea. In view of the fact that China's domestic law on debris removal is currently in a state of confusion, there are a large number of laws. The level is unclear, the application of the law is difficult, the legal provisions are backward, and so on. After our country declares the application of the Convention, the problem of the exclusive economic zone can be easily solved. However, China's territorial waters and internal waters are still a lot of problems to be solved. The author explores the process of making the Convention in the Law Committee of IMO by consulting various materials. From the process of making the Convention, the author enumerates the different positions of some States parties in the process of making the Convention. Then it mainly explores the impact of the Convention's application of the exclusive economic zone on our country, and analyzes the rule mechanism of "principle plus selective application" in the Convention. Comparing the provisions which, if extended to the territorial sea and after the internal waters, are retained, as well as those that are not, and exploring the possible effects of each of the two categories of provisions, the most important of which is whether or not there will be adverse effects on sovereignty, Later, it was boldly assumed that if our country extended the application of the Convention, it would have a negative and negative impact on our maritime authorities, shipping enterprises, insurance companies and shipwrecking enterprises, and finally on the current legislative situation of our country. If we make changes after the extension of application and what measures we should take even if we do not, the conclusion that the Convention can be extended to the territorial sea and internal waters is finally analysed.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D996.9

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