斯诺登案视角下政治犯问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 19:41

本文选题：国际法 + 政治犯　；参考：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：政治犯的定义一直是国际法中的短板。直到现在，，国际条约和国内法对政治犯的概念都没有明确的规定，这必然会给国际司法实践造成诸多不便。因此，明确政治犯的认定标准，以及理清政治犯与相关概念的区分显得尤为重要。第二次世界大战以来，国际性的犯罪猖獗，而且犯罪情节和行为也变得越来越多复杂，同时涉及到几个甚至十几个国家的利益，这就要求各国加强国际刑事司法领域的合作，共同努力对暴力恐怖主义等犯罪进行有效的打击。政治犯的界定问题是国际刑事司法合作的重要内容。在某些案件中，因为政治犯的界定不清晰可能会造成犯罪分子逃之夭夭的结果，鉴于此我们应加快明确政治犯标准的脚步，进而提高国际刑事司法合作的效率。本文从大众关注度较高的斯诺登案入手，引出对政治犯标准的界定，在对相关理论进行分析的基础上，明确了斯诺登的政治犯身份，并得出对中国关于政治犯立法有效可行的建议。本文共五个部分：第一部分：斯诺登案案情简介以及案件焦点。这一部分简要介绍了斯诺登案的发展情况，以及随着斯诺登事件的发展，引发的国际法中关于政治犯的问题。第二部分：政治犯的涵义和主要法律规定。这一部分首先从宏观的角度介绍了政治犯的定义。接下来对政治犯从微观角度进行了分析，包括政治犯与国内刑法上政治犯罪的区分，以及国际法中关于政治犯的主要法律规定，包括相关国际条约对政治犯的规定。第三部分：两大法系关于政治犯的认定标准。这一部分主要介绍了英美法系、大陆法系的政治犯认定标准，并对两个法系的认定标准做相应的分析，为后文明确斯诺登政治犯身份以及完善中国立法做好铺垫。第四部分：斯诺登案中的焦点问题。这一部分主要根据上文分析对斯诺登的政治犯身份进行研究。并根据国际法和国内法，对香港和俄罗斯能否认定斯诺登的政治犯身份进行分析以及对二者在斯诺登案中的行为作出评价。第五部分：中国有关政治犯的法律规定及其完善。这一部分简要阐述了中国与政治犯相关的立法现状和实践，旨在通过上文的分析研究，提出完善中国立法中政治犯相关规定的建议。
[Abstract]:The definition of political prisoners has always been a short board in international law. Until now, the concept of political prisoners is not clearly defined by international treaties and domestic laws. This will inevitably cause a lot of inconvenience to international judicial practice. Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the criteria for the identification of political prisoners and to clarify the distinction between political prisoners and related concepts. Second times Since the war of boundary, international crime is rampant, and the plot and behavior of the crime have become more and more complex and involved in the interests of several or even more than ten countries. This requires all countries to strengthen cooperation in the field of international criminal justice and work together to combat effective crimes such as violent terrorism. The problem of defining political prisoners is In some cases, in some cases, the unclear definition of political prisoners may result in the escape of the criminals. In view of this, we should speed up the pace of the standard of political prisoners and improve the efficiency of international criminal justice cooperation.
This paper, starting with the Snowden case with high public attention, leads to the definition of the standard of political prisoners. On the basis of the analysis of the related theories, this paper makes clear the identity of Snowden's political prisoners, and draws a conclusion of the effective and feasible suggestions on the legislation of political prisoners in China. This paper consists of five parts:
The first part: a brief introduction to the case of the case of Snowden and the focus of the case. This part briefly introduces the development of the case of Snowden, as well as the issue of political prisoners in international law, which is triggered by the development of Snowden's incident.
The second part: the meaning of political prisoners and the main legal provisions. This part first introduces the definition of political prisoners from a macro perspective. Then, we analyze the political prisoners from the micro angle, including the distinction between political offenders and political crimes in domestic criminal law, as well as the main legal provisions concerning political prisoners in international law, including related international. The provisions of the Treaty on political prisoners.
The third part: the standard for the identification of the political prisoners in the two legal systems. This part mainly introduces the standards of the identification of the political prisoners in the Anglo American legal system, the continental law system, and the corresponding analysis of the criteria for the identification of the two legal systems, and pave the way for the identification of Snowden's political prisoners as well as the improvement of the Chinese legislative law.
The fourth part: the focus of the Snowden case. This part mainly studies the identity of Snowden's political prisoners according to the above analysis. And according to international law and domestic law, it will be able to analyze the identity of Snowden's political prisoners and to evaluate the behavior of the two in Snowden case by Hongkong and Russia.
The fifth part: the legal provisions and the perfection of the political prisoners in China. This part briefly expounds the status and practice of the legislation related to political prisoners in China, and aims to put forward suggestions to improve the relevant regulations of political prisoners in China's legislation through the analysis and study of the above.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D998.2

【参考文献】