WTO裁决执行与国家利益实现的潜在背离研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 07:59

本文选题：WTO + 裁决执行　；参考：《环球法律评论》2017年05期

【摘要】：美国主导创设了WTO争端解决机制。通过这一机制,美国提起WTO申诉的频率以及申诉的胜诉率都极高,其自助执行能力在世界范围内也最强,但是近年来美国却频频与各国进行谈判并试图通过签订大区域贸易协定来架空WTO争端解决机制,甚至直接退出这个机制。从WTO裁决的角度来看,这似乎意味着WTO原告胜诉裁决的执行效果和国家利益的完全实现之间并不完全重合。一方面,部分原告胜诉裁决执行不完全仍然可以间接的实现国家利益;另一方面,部分原告胜诉裁决完全执行却不能完全的实现国家利益。这种背离现象虽然客观上起到了调节WTO申诉率的作用,然而伴随着社会经济和政治大环境的演变,这一现象却成为如美国这样具有强大自助执行能力的大国意欲改造甚至抛弃WTO体系的重要原因。鉴于此,中国需要在进一步提高WTO申诉率的基础上,分类评估胜诉裁决执行的效果,同时在厘清美国政治结构失衡对执行难度的影响后,跟进甚至超越美国对国际经贸纠纷解决程序的设计与引导。
[Abstract]:The United States has led to the creation of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Through this mechanism, the United States has a high frequency of appealing to WTO and the high rate of appeal, and its self-service ability is the strongest in the world. However, in recent years, the United States has frequently negotiated with countries and tried to build a WTO dispute settlement mechanism by signing a large regional trade agreement. From the point of view of the WTO verdict, it seems to mean that the implementation effect of the WTO plaintiff's winning decision and the complete realization of the national interests are not completely coincided. On the one hand, the implementation of the decision of a partial plaintiff's winning decision is not entirely possible to achieve the national interests; on the other hand, some of the plaintiffs won the decision to finish the decision. The whole implementation can not fully realize the national interests. This deviant phenomenon has played an objective role in regulating the WTO appeal rate. However, with the evolution of the social economy and the political environment, this phenomenon has become an important reason for the great power of the great power, such as the United States, which has strong self-service ability to transform and even abandon the WTO system. On the basis of this, China needs to further improve the WTO appeal rate and classify the effect of the success of the award, while clarifying the impact of the unbalance of American political structure on the difficulty of execution, and following up and even surpassing the design and guidance of the United States on the international economic and trade dispute settlement procedure.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学国际法学院;
【基金】：2012年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“WTO争端解决机制的原告利益取向与对策研究”(12CFX110) 教育部2014年度高等学校全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项资金资助项目“国际经贸法律规则博弈与中国角色研究”(201407)的研究成果
【分类号】：D996.1

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