第五航空权开放法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 04:19

本文选题：航空法 + 第五航空权　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：二战前后，国际民用航空无论是从技术的发展、商业运营还是管理国际合作都取得了长足的进步。1944年在芝加哥缔结的《国际民用航空公约》代替了《巴黎航空公约》，针对国际民航活动制定了一系列的原则和规定。会议期间缔结的《国际航空运输协定》和《国际航空过境协定》，与《民用航空公约》共同构成了《芝加哥公约》的主要内容。《国际航空运输协定》的缔约国相互之间交换五种营运权，又称为空中的“五种自由”。该协议的前两种营运权与《国际航班过境协定》相同，后三种营运权在缔约国之间才直接发生商业性运输的业务。第五航空权一般针对两个国家的双边协定而言，在两国的协定中约定允许对方行使涉及第三国的运输权利。第五航空权的复杂性就在于它涉及到多个双边协定，并且在不同的协定中意味着不同种类的航空权。第五航空权的开放意味着国外航空公司不仅要分享飞往国之间的市场，同时还要分享到航线上第三国的市场资源。本文在查阅大量相关书籍和论文资料的基础上，运用国际法专业理论知识，并结合法学理论的相关知识，采用历史研究方法、对比研究方法、实证分析方法等对论题进行了研究。第五航空权产生、发展及开放的脉络，主要国家开放第五航空权的态度、总体思路和相关的法律制度、各国对待第五航空权开放不同态度之间的原因和表现形式、因实行不同的航空管制体系而产生的不同效果，，以及中国开放第五航空权的相关问题进行深入研究。希望通过对现有相关法律制度的分析，根据第五航空权的特点，为中国开放第五航空权的问题解决找到最可行最有效的途径。同时也关注到我国经济战略走向，在第五航空权的开放问题上提出自己的见解。本文除引言和结语外，共分为六个部分，约三万字。第一部分“第五航空权的法律性质”，介绍了航空权产生的历史条件和发展背景，阐述第五航空权的概念和内涵，探讨第五航空权在法律特点以及其自身有别于其他航空权利的特点。在此基础上，介绍了关于第五航空权的性质之争，分析各方流派的观点，并提出自己的看法。第二部分“第五航空权开放的演进”，阐释第五航空权开放在世界上的演进过程，比较研究世界上几个主要经济体对第五航空权开放的态度及相关的做法，以及第五航空权开放的发展趋势。第三部分“第五航空权开放的理论依据”，根据国际法理论和经济学理论，分析第五航空权开放的利与弊，以及在开放中所可能遇到的问题，提出第五航空权开放的理论依据和经济依据。第四部分“第五航空权开放度的法律依据”，根据对《芝加哥协议》、GATS航空服务贸易协议、国内民用航空法的研究，分析第五航空权开放度的相关问题。第五部分“第五航空权开放的模式”，介绍了现阶段世界各国第五航空权开放的主要方式。再结合中国的国情，论述我国第五航空权开放可能的主要方式。第六部分“中国开放第五航空权的国家利益”：有利于国际经济战略目标的实现；有利于增加经济伙伴、获得更多的航空资源；对国内民用航空产业的发展具有促进作用。经过上述几个方面的分析，中国对外开放第五航空权的逐步开放是不可逆转的国际形势。经过多方比较和分析，得出开放对我国经济发展利大于弊的结论。现今航空权开放的主要依据是国家的指导方针、经济政策等，真正用以规范开放天空的法律法规几乎没有，仅存的航空法也是侧重于规范开放之后国内航空服务的内容。随着我国改革开放政策实施的不断深入，我国经济快速发展，中国民航也在国家经济的迈进中迅速发展，开放的力度也不断加大。特别是在国际航空运输发展方面，航空权开放的政策走向日益明确，我国国际航空运输发展受到了重大的影响。中国的第五航空权开放可以在双边体制模式的基础上，积极推进依仗区域经济发展而形成的多变模式。从经济合作伙伴的结构上保障第五航空权的开放顺利进行。
[Abstract]:Before and after World War II, international civil aviation has made great progress in the development of technology, business operation or management international cooperation. The International Civil Aviation Convention, which was concluded in Chicago in Chicago, took the place of the Paris Convention on aviation, and set up a series of principles and regulations for International Civil Aviation activities. The air transport agreement and the international air transit agreement, together with the Civil Aviation Convention, constitute the main contents of the Chicago convention. The States parties to the international air transport agreement exchange five operating rights between each other, also known as "five freedoms" in the air. The first two kinds of operational rights of the agreement are the same as those of the international flight transit agreement, and three The right to operate directly between a Contracting State. Fifth the right to aviation is generally agreed in the bilateral agreements of two countries to allow the other to exercise the right to transport a third country. The complexity of fifth is that it involves multiple bilateral agreements and in different agreements. It means different types of aviation rights. The opening of the fifth air rights means that foreign airlines not only share the market between the flying countries, but also share the market resources of the third country on the route.
On the basis of consulting a large number of relevant books and papers, using the theoretical knowledge of international law, combining with the relevant knowledge of law theory, using historical research methods, comparative research methods, and empirical analysis methods, the thesis has been studied. Fifth the emergence, development and opening of aviation rights, and the opening of fifth airlines in the main countries. The attitude of the right, the general idea and the relevant legal system, the reasons and forms of the different attitudes between the fifth air rights open to different countries, the different effects resulting from the implementation of the different air control systems, and the related issues of China's opening to the fifth air rights. Analysis, according to the characteristics of the fifth aviation rights, to find the most feasible and most effective way to solve the problem of opening fifth air rights in China. At the same time, it also pays close attention to the trend of China's economic strategy and puts forward his own opinion on the opening of the fifth aviation rights.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into six parts, about thirty thousand words.
The first part, "the legal nature of the fifth aviation rights", introduces the historical conditions and development background of the air rights, expounds the concept and connotation of the fifth aviation rights, and probes into the characteristics of the fifth aviation rights in the legal characteristics and its own different from other aviation rights. On this basis, it introduces the disputes about the nature of the fifth aviation rights. Analyze the views of the various genres and put forward their own views.
The second part, "the evolution of the opening of the fifth aviation rights", explains the evolution of the fifth air rights open in the world, and compares the attitudes and practices of several major economies in the world to the opening of the fifth air rights, as well as the development trend of the opening of the fifth air rights.
The third part, "the theoretical basis for the opening of the fifth air rights", analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the opening of the fifth aviation rights according to the theory of international law and the theory of economics, and puts forward the theoretical basis and economic basis for the opening of the fifth air rights.
The fourth part "the legal basis for the opening of the fifth air rights", according to the Chicago agreement, the GATS aviation service trade agreement, the domestic civil aviation law research, analysis of the fifth aviation rights open degree related issues.
The fifth part, "the fifth mode of open air rights", introduces the main ways of opening fifth air rights in the world at the present stage. The main ways of opening up the fifth air rights in China are discussed in the light of China's national conditions.
The sixth part, "China's opening up the national interests of the fifth aviation rights", is conducive to the realization of the international economic strategic objectives, and is conducive to increasing economic partners and gaining more aviation resources, and has a promoting role in the development of domestic civil aviation industry.
Through the analysis of the above aspects, the opening of China's opening to the fifth air rights is an irreversible international situation. Through the comparison and analysis, the conclusion is drawn that the opening to the economic development of China is greater than the disadvantages. The main basis of the opening of the current air rights is the national guidelines, economic policies and so on. There are few laws and regulations of the sky, and the only aviation law is the content of domestic aviation service after the standard opening. With the continuous deepening of the implementation of China's reform and opening policy, China's economy has developed rapidly, China's civil aviation has also developed rapidly in the national economy, and the strength of opening up is increasing. In the development of air transportation, the policy of open air rights is becoming more and more clear, and the development of China's international air transport has been greatly affected. China's fifth air rights open can actively promote the variable mode form on the basis of the bilateral system model. The structure of the economic partners can guarantee the fifth airlines. The opening of the empty rights was carried out smoothly.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D993.4

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